Lipo-chitooligosaccharide compositions for enhancing plant growth

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compositions for enhancing plant growth, comprising at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) compound; and at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting at least one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof. Methods for enhancing plant growth and treating seeds with the compositions provided herein are also disclosed.

RELATED APPLICATION

The present invention claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/954,808, filed Apr. 17, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/327,671, filed Jan. 20, 2017, which isitself a 35 U.S.C. 371 national stage application of PCT/US2015/041086,filed Jul. 20, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/027,950, filed Jul. 23, 2014, the entire contents ofeach of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for enhancingplant growth.

BACKGROUND

The symbiosis between the gram-negative soil bacteria, Rhizobiaceae andBradyrhizobiaceae, and legumes such as soybean, is well documented. Thebiochemical basis for these relationships includes an exchange ofmolecular signaling, wherein the plant-to-bacteria signal compoundsinclude flavones, isoflavones and flavanones, and the bacteria-to-plantsignal compounds, which include the end products of the expression ofthe bradyrhizobial and rhizobial nod genes, known aslipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs). The symbiosis between these bacteriaand the legumes enables the legume to fix atmospheric nitrogen for plantgrowth, thus obviating a need for nitrogen fertilizers. Since nitrogenfertilizers can significantly increase the cost of crops and areassociated with a number of polluting effects, the agricultural industrycontinues its efforts to exploit this biological relationship anddevelop new agents and methods for improving plant yield withoutincreasing the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers.

SUMMARY

Described herein are compositions comprising at least onelipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) compound, and at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of atleast one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, andcombinations thereof.

Further described are methods for enhancing the growth of a plant. Inone aspect, a method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plant partcomprises contacting a plant or plant part with at least onelipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) and at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of atleast one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, andcombinations thereof.

In another aspect, a method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plantpart comprises treating a soil with at least onelipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) and at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of atleast one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, andcombinations thereof, and planting a plant or plant part in the soil.

Finally, seed treatments and seeds treated with the compositionsdescribed herein are provided.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is explained in greater detail below. Thisdescription is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all thedifferent ways in which the invention may be implemented or of all thefeatures that may be added to the instant invention. For example,features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporatedinto other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to aparticular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition,numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggestedherein, which do not depart from the instant invention, will be apparentto those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure. Hence,the following specification is intended to illustrate some particularembodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify allpermutations, combinations and variations thereof.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the specification andrelevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overlyformal sense unless expressly so defined herein. For the sake of brevityand/or clarity, well-known functions or constructions may not bedescribed in detail.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise.

As used herein, the terms “acaricide” and “acaricidal” refer to an agentor combination of agents the application of which is toxic to an acarid(i.e., kills an acarid, inhibits the growth of an acarid, and/orinhibits the reproduction of an acarid).

As used herein, the term “agriculturally beneficial agent” refers to anyagent (e.g., chemical or biological agent) or combination of agents theapplication of which causes or provides a beneficial and/or usefuleffect in agriculture (e.g., enhanced plant growth), including, but notlimited to, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, bio stimulants,nutrients, pesticides (e.g., acaricides, fungicides, gastropodicides,herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, rodenticides, and virucides), andplant signal molecules.

As used herein, the terms “agriculturally beneficial microorganimsm,”“agriculturally beneficial microbe,” “beneficial microorganism,” and“beneficial microbe” refer to a microorganism having at least oneagriculturally beneficial property (e.g., the ability to produce anagriculturally beneficial agent, such as a one of the plant signalmolecules described herein; to enhance nutrient and/or water uptake; topromote and/or enhance nitrogen fixation; to enhance growth; to enhanceseed germination; to enhance seedling emergence; to increase seed numberor size; to break the dormancy or quiescence of a plant; etc.).

As used herein, the term “and/or” is intended to include any and allcombinations of one or more of the associated listed items, as well asthe lack of combinations when interpreted in the alternative (“or”).

As used herein, the term “biostimulant” refers to an agent orcombination of agents the application of which enhances one or moremetabolic and/or physiological processes of a plant or plant part (e.g.,respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion uptake and/ornutrient delivery).

As used herein, the term “carrier” means an “agronomically acceptablecarrier.” An “agronomically acceptable carrier” means any material whichcan be used to deliver the actives (e.g., LCOs, pesticides, beneficialmicroorganisms, etc.) to a plant, plant part or plant growing locus(e.g., foliage, seed, soil). As used herein, the term “soil-compatiblecarrier” means any material which can be added to a soil withoutcausing/having an adverse effect on plant growth, soil structure, soildrainage, or the like. As used herein, the term “seed-compatiblecarrier” means any material which can be added to a seed withoutcausing/having an adverse effect on the seed, the plant that grows fromthe seed, seed germination, or the like. As used herein, the term“foliar-compatible carrier” means any material which can be added to aplant or plant part without causing/having an adverse effect on theplant, plant part, plant growth, plant health, or the like.

As used herein, the terms “comprise,” “comprises,” “comprising,”“include,” “includes” and “including” specify the presence of statedfeatures, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do notpreclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “consists essentially of” (and grammaticalvariants thereof), as applied to the compositions and methods of thepresent invention, means that the compositions/methods may containadditional components so long as the additional components do notmaterially alter the composition/method. The term “materially alter,” asapplied to a composition/method, refers to an increase or decrease inthe effectiveness of the composition/method of at least about 20% ormore. For example, a component added to a composition of the presentinvention would “materially alter” the composition if it increases ordecreases the composition's ability to enhance plant growth by at leastabout 50%.

As used herein, the term “control” or “controlling” as in e.g., thephrase: the “control” of pests or pest populations, or “controlling”pests or pest populations, or as in the phrase: “controlling pests”,means preventing, reducing, killing, inhibiting the growth of,inhibiting the reproduction of, and/or eliminating a pest or populationof pests as defined herein. Indeed, “control” or “controlling” as usedherein refers to any indicia of success in prevention, killing,inhibition, elimination, reduction or amelioration of a pest or pestpopulation.

As used herein, the terms “effective amount,” “effective concentration,”and “effective dosage” (and grammatical variants thereof) refer to anamount, concentration or dosage that is sufficient to cause a desiredeffect (e.g. enhanced plant growth). The absolute value of theamount/concentration/dosage that is sufficient to cause the desiredeffect may be affected by factors such as the size (e.g., area, totalacreage, etc.) of land being treated and the stability of theagriculturally beneficial agent(s) being applied. Those skilled in theart will understand how to select an effectiveamount/concentration/dosage using routine dose-response experiments.

As used herein, the terms “enhanced growth” and “enhanced plant growth”refer to an improvement in one or more characteristics of plant growthand/or development as compared to one or more control plants (e.g., aplant germinated from an untreated seed or an untreated plant).Exemplary plant growth/development characteristics include, but are notlimited to, biomass, height, leaf length, leaf mass, leaf number, leafsurface area, leaf volume, nutrient uptake, root area, root diameter,root length, root mass, root nodulation, root number, root surface area,root volume, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot diameter, shootlength, shoot mass, shoot number, shoot surface area, shoot volume,spread, and survival rate.

As used herein, the term “foliage” refers to those portions of a plantthat normally grow above the ground, including, but not limited to,leaves, stalks, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, and fruits.

As used herein, the terms “foliar application,” “foliarly applied” andgrammatical variations thereof, refer to the application of one or moreactive ingredients to the foliage of a plant (e.g., to the leaves of theplant). Application may be effected by any suitable means, including,but not limited to, spraying the plant with a composition comprising theactive ingredient(s). In some embodiments, the active ingredient(s)is/are applied to the leaves, stems and/or stalk of the plant and not tothe flowers, fruiting bodies or fruits of the plant.

As used herein, the terms “fungicide” and “fungicidal” refer to an agentor combination of agents the application of which is toxic to a fungus(i.e., kills a fungus, inhibits the growth of a fungus, and/or inhibitsthe reproduction of a fungus).

As used herein, the terms “herbicide” and “herbicidal” refer to an agentor combination of agents the application of which is toxic to a weed(i.e., kills a weed, inhibits the growth of a weed, and/or inhibits thereproduction of a weed).

As used herein, the terms “inoculant composition” and “inoculum” referto compositions comprising microbial cells and/or spores, saidcells/spores being capable of propagating on or in a substrate (e.g., asoil) when conditions (e.g., temperature, moisture, nutrientavailability, pH, etc.) are favorable for microbial growth.

As used herein, the terms “insecticide” and “insecticidal” refer to anagent or combination of agents the application of which is toxic to aninsect (i.e., kills an insect, inhibits the growth of an insect, and/orinhibits the reproduction of an insect).

As used herein, the term “isomer” includes all stereoisomers of thecompounds and/or molecules to which it refers, including enantiomers anddiastereomers, as well as all conformers, rotamers and tautomers, unlessotherwise indicated. Compounds and/or molecules disclosed herein includeall enantiomers in either substantially pure levorotatory ordextrorotatory form, or in a racemic mixture, or in any ratio ofenantiomers. Where embodiments disclose a (D)-enantiomer, thatembodiment also includes the (L)-enantiomer; where embodiments disclosea (L)-enantiomer, that embodiment also includes the (D)-enantiomer.Where embodiments disclose a (+)-enantiomer, that embodiment alsoincludes the (−)-enantiomer; where embodiments disclose a(−)-enantiomer, that embodiment also includes the (+)-enantiomer. Whereembodiments disclose a (S)-enantiomer, that embodiment also includes the(R)-enantiomer; where embodiments disclose a (R)-enantiomer, thatembodiment also includes the (S)-enantiomer. Embodiments are intended toinclude any diastereomers of the compounds and/or molecules referred toherein in diastereomerically pure form and in the form of mixtures inall ratios. Unless stereochemistry is explicitly indicated in a chemicalstructure or chemical name, the chemical structure or chemical name isintended to embrace all possible stereoisomers, conformers, rotamers,and tautomers of compounds and/or molecules depicted.

As used herein, the terms “nematicide” and “nematicidal” refer to anagent or combination of agents the application of which is toxic to anematode (i.e., kills a nematode, inhibits the growth of a nematode,and/or inhibits the reproduction of a nematode).

As used herein, the term “nitrogen fixing organism” refers to anorganism capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into a formthat may be utilized by a plant or plant part (e.g., ammonia (NH₃),ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), etc.).

As used herein, the term “nutrient” refers to a compound or elementuseful for nourishing a plant (e.g., vitamins, macrominerals,micronutrients, trace minerals, organic acids, etc. that are necessaryfor plant growth and/or development).

As used herein, the term “pest” includes any organism or virus thatnegatively affects a plant, including, but not limited to, organisms andviruses that spread disease, damage host plants and/or compete for soilnutrients. The term “pest” encompasses organisms and viruses that areknown to associate with plants and to cause a detrimental effect on theplant's health and/or vigor. Plant pests include, but are not limitedto, arachnids (e.g., mites, ticks, spiders, etc.), bacteria, fungi,gastropods (e.g., slugs, snails, etc.), invasive plants (e.g., weeds),insects (e.g., white flies, thrips, weevils, etc.), nematodes (e.g.,root-knot nematode, soybean cyst nematode, etc.), rodents, and viruses(e.g., tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV),cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), etc.).

As used herein, the terms “pesticide” and “pesticidal” refer to agentsor combinations of agents the application of which is toxic to a pest(i.e., kills a pest, inhibits the growth of a pest, and/or inhibits thereproduction of a pest). Non-limiting examples of pesticides includefungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides,rodenticides, virucides, gastropodicides, etc.

As used herein, the term “phosphate solubilizing microorganism” refersto a microorganism capable of converting insoluble phosphate into asoluble form of phosphate.

As used herein, the term “plant” can refer to a whole plant, any partthereof, or a cell or tissue culture derived from a plant. Thus, theterm “plant” may refer to any of whole plants, plant components ororgans (e.g., leaves, stems, roots, etc.), plant tissues, plant cellsand seeds. The term “plant” includes all naturally occurring andnon-naturally occurring plant populations, including, agricultural,horticultural and silvicultural plants. Thus, the term “plant”encompasses plants obtained by conventional plant breeding andoptimization methods (e.g., marked-assisted selection) and plantsobtained by genetic engineering, including cultivars protectable and notprotectable by plant breeders' rights.

As used herein, the term “plant cell” refers to a cell of an intactplant, a cell taken from a plant, or a cell derived from a cell takenfrom a plant. Thus, the term “plant cell” includes cells within seeds,suspension cultures, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue,leaves, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen and microspores.

As used herein, the term “plant part” can refers to any part of a plant,including single plant cells and plant tissues from which plants can bederived. Examples of plant parts, include, but are not limited to,anthers, embryos, flowers, fruits, fruiting bodies, leaves, ovules,pollen, rhizomes, roots, seeds, shoots, stems, and tubers, as well asscions, rootstocks, protoplasts, calli and the like.

As used herein, the term “plant propagation material” refers to a plantpart from which a whole plant can be generated. Examples of plantpropagation materials include, but are not limited to, cuttings (e.g.,leaves, stems), rhizomes, seeds, tubers, and cells/tissues that can becultured into a whole plant.

As used herein, the terms “signal molecule” and “plant signal molecule”refer to an agent that, when applied to a plant or plant part, resultsin enhanced growth and/or development as compared to untreated plants orplant parts (e.g., seeds and plants harvested from untreated seeds).Non-limiting examples of signal molecules includelipo-chitooligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharides, chitinous compounds,flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof, linoleic acid orderivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins,etc.

As used herein, the terms “spore” and “microbial spore” refer to amicroorganism in its dormant, protected state.

As used herein, the term “stable inoculant composition” refers to aninoculant composition's ability to improve the survival rate and/or oneor more microbial stability characteristics of a microorganism containedtherein. In general, an inoculant composition is labeled as “stable” ifit improves the survival rate and/or at least one microbial stabilitycharacteristic of at least one microorganism contained therein.

While certain aspects of the present invention will hereinafter bedescribed with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understoodby those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form anddetails may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present invention.

All publications, patent applications, patents, and other referencesmentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, exceptinsofar as they contradict any statement expressly set forth herein.

Compositions

The compositions disclosed comprise at least onelipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) as described herein and atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the groupconsisting of pesticides, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, andcombinations thereof.

In a particular embodiment, the compositions disclosed comprise aneffective amount of at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound(LCOs) as described herein, and an effective amount of at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of atleast one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, andcombinations thereof to enhance plant growth (e.g., increased plantyield, such as increased biomass, increased fruit number increasedbolls, increased seed number or size, or a combination thereof asmeasured by bushels per acre, increased root number, increased rootmass, increased root volume, increased leaf area, increased plant stand,increased plant vigor, faster seedling emergence (e.g., enhancedemergence), faster germination, (e.g., enhanced germination), orcombinations thereof) when compared to an untreated plant or plant part.

In certain embodiments, the composition may be in the form of a liquid,a gel, a slurry, a solid, or a powder (wettable powder or dry powder).In a particular embodiment, the composition is a liquid composition.

Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides:

Lipo-chitooligosaccharide compounds (LCOs), also known as symbiotic Nodsignals or Nod factors, consist of an oligosaccharide backbone ofβ-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linkedfatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end. LCO's differ in thenumber of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree ofsaturation of the fatty acyl chain, and in the substitutions of reducingand non-reducing sugar residues. See, e.g., Denarie, et al., Ann. Rev.Biochem. 65:503-35 (1996), Hamel, et al., Planta 232:787-806 (2010);Prome, et al., Pure & Appl. Chem. 70(1):55-60 (1998). An example of anLCO is presented below as formula I:

in which:

G is a hexosamine which can be substituted, for example, by an acetylgroup on the nitrogen, a sulfate group, an acetyl group and/or an ethergroup on an oxygen,

R₁, R₂, R₃, R₅, R₆ and R₇, which may be identical or different,represent H, CH₃CO—, C_(x)H_(y) CO— where x is an integer between 0 and17, and y is an integer between 1 and 35, or any other acyl group suchas for example a carbamoyl,

R₄ represents a saturated or mono-, di- or triunsaturated aliphaticchain containing at least 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer between 1and 4.

LCOs may be obtained (isolated and/or purified) from bacteria such asRhizobia, e.g., Rhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. andAzorhizobium sp. LCO structures are characteristic for each suchbacterial species, and each strain may produce multiple LCO's withdifferent structures. For example, specific LCOs from S. meliloti havealso been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,718 as having the formula II:

in which R represents H or CH₃CO— and n is equal to 2 or 3.

Even more specific LCOs include NodRM, NodRM-1, NodRM-3. When acetylated(the R=CH₃CO—), they become AcNodRM-1, and AcNodRM-3, respectively (U.S.Pat. No. 5,545,718).

LCOs from Bradyrhizobium japonicum are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,175,149 and 5,321,011. Broadly, they are pentasaccharide phytohormonescomprising methylfucose. A number of these B. japonicum-derived LCOs aredescribed: BjNod-V (C_(18:1)); BjNod-V (Ac, C_(18:1)), BjNod-V(C_(16:1)); and BjNod-V (Ac, C_(16:0)), with “V” indicating the presenceof five N-acetylglucosamines; “Ac” an acetylation; the number followingthe “C” indicating the number of carbons in the fatty acid side chain;and the number following the “:” the number of double bonds.

LCO's used in embodiments of the invention may be obtained (i.e.,isolated and/or purified) from bacterial strains that produce LCO's,such as strains of Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium (including B.japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (including R. leguminosarum),Sinorhizobium (including S. meliloti), and bacterial strains geneticallyengineered to produce LCO's. In some embodiments, there is a combinationof two or more LCO's obtained from these rhizobial and bradyrhizobialmicroorganisms.

LCO's are the primary determinants of host specificity in legumesymbiosis (Diaz, et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:268-276(2000)). Thus, within the legume family, specific genera and species ofrhizobia develop a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationship with aspecific legume host. These plant-host/bacteria combinations aredescribed in Hungria, et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:819-830 (1997),Examples of these bacteria/legume symbiotic partnerships include S.meliloti/alfalfa and sweet clover; R. leguminosarum biovar viciae/peasand lentils; R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli/beans; Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum/soybeans; and R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii/red clover.Hungria also lists the effective flavonoid Nod gene inducers of therhizobial species, and the specific LCO structures that are produced bythe different rhizobial species. However, LCO specificity is onlyrequired to establish nodulation in legumes. Use of a given LCO is notlimited to treatment of seed of its symbiotic legume partner, in orderto achieve increased plant yield measured in terms of bushels/acre,increased root number, increased root length, increased root mass,increased root volume and increased leaf area, compared to plantsharvested from untreated seed.

Thus, by way of further examples, LCO's and derivatives thereof that maybe useful in some embodiments are represented by the following formula:

in which R₁ represents C14:0, 3OH—C14:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, 3-OH—C16:0,iso-C15:0, C16:1, C16:2, C16:3, iso-C17:0, iso-C17:1, C18:0, 3OH—C18:0,C18:0/3-OH, C18:1, OH—C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C19:1 carbamoyl,C20:0, C20:1, 3-OH—C20:1, C20:1/3-OH, C20:2, C20:3, C22:1, andC18-26(ω-1)-OH (which according to D'Haeze, et al., Glycobiology12:79R-105R (2002), includes C18, C20, C22, C24 and C26 hydroxylatedspecies and C16:149, C16:2 (Δ2,9) and C16:3 (Δ2,4,9)); R₂ representshydrogen or methyl; R₃ represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R₄represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R₅ represents hydrogen, acetylor carbamoyl; R₆ represents hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl, SO₃H,sulfate ester, 3-O—S-2-O-MeFuc, 2-O-MeFuc, and 4-O-AcFuc; R₇ representshydrogen, mannosyl or glycerol; R₈ represents hydrogen, methyl, or—CH₂OH; R₉ represents hydrogen, arabinosyl, or fucosyl; R₁₀ representshydrogen, acetyl or fucosyl; and n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3. Thestructures of the naturally occurring Rhizobial LCO's embraced by thisstructure are described in D'Haeze, et al., supra.

Also encompassed in some embodiments is use of LCO's obtained (i.e.,isolated and/or purified) from a mycorrhizal fungi, such as fungi of thegroup Glomerocycota, e.g., Glomus intraradicus. The structures ofrepresentative LCOs obtained from these fungi are described in WO2010/049751 and WO 2010/049751 (the LCOs described therein also referredto as “Myc factors”). Representative mycorrhizal fungi-derived LCO's andnon-naturally occurring derivatives thereof are represented by thefollowing formula:

in which n=1 or 2; R₁ represents C16, C16:0, C16:1, C16:2, C18:0,C18:1Δ9Z or C18:1Δ11Z; and R₂ represents hydrogen or SO₃H. In someembodiments, the LCO's are produced by the mycorrhizal fungi. In someembodiments, these LCO's are used in the methods described herein.

Further encompassed in some embodiments described herein is use ofsynthetic LCO compounds, such as those described in WO 2005/063784 andWO 2008/071674, chemically synthesized LCO compounds, such as thosedescribed in WO 2007/117500, and recombinant LCO's produced throughgenetic engineering. The basic, naturally occurring LCO structure maycontain modifications or substitutions found in naturally occurringLCO's, such as those described in Spaink, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.54:257-288 (2000) and D'Haeze, supra. Precursor oligosaccharidemolecules (COs, which as described below, are also useful as plantsignal molecules) for the construction of LCOs may also be synthesizedby genetically engineered organisms, e.g., as described in Samain, etat, Carbohydrate Res. 302:35-42 (1997); Cottaz, et al., Meth. Eng.7(4):311-7 (2005) and Samain, et al., J. Biotechnol. 72:33-47 (1999)(e.g., FIG. 1 therein which shows structures of CO's that can be maderecombinantly in E. coli harboring different combinations of genesnodBCHL).

LCO's may be utilized in various forms of purity and may be used aloneor in the form of a culture of LCO-producing bacteria or fungi. Forexample, OPTIMIZE® (commercially available from Novozymes BioAg Inc.)contains a culture of B. japonicum that produces an LCO (LCO-V(C18:1,MeFuc), MOR116). Methods to provide substantially pure LCO's includeremoving the microbial cells from a mixture of LCOs and the microbe, orcontinuing to isolate and purify the LCO molecules through LCO solventphase separation followed by HPLC chromatography as described, forexample, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,718. Purification can be enhanced byrepeated HPLC, and the purified LCO molecules can be freeze-dried forlong-term storage. Chitooligosaccharides (COs), may be used as startingmaterials for the production of synthetic LCOs. For the purposes of someembodiments, recombinant LCO's suitable for use are least 60% pure,e.g., at least 60% pure, at least 65% pure, at least 70% pure, at least75% pure, at least 80% pure, at least 85% pure, at least 90% pure, atleast 91% pure, at least 92% pure, at least 93% pure, at least 94% pure,at least 95% pure, at least 96% pure, at least 97% pure, at least 98%pure, at least 99% pure, up to 100% pure.

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises an LCOhaving the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein comprises asynthetic LCO having the following structure:

In one embodiment, the at least one LCO used in the compositionsdescribed herein may comprises at least two of the above LCOs (i.e., atleast two of I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII), at least three of theabove LCOs, at least four of the above LCOs, at least five of the aboveLCOs, at least six of the above LCOs, at least seven of the above LCOs,at least eight of the above LCOs, at least nine of the above LCOs, atleast ten of the above LCOs, at least eleven of the above LCOs, at leasttwelve of the above LCOs, at least thirteen of the above LCOs, at leastfourteen of the above LCOs, at least fifteen of the above LCOs, at leastsixteen of the above LCOs, at least seventeen of the above LCOs at leasteighteen of the above LCOs, at least nineteen of the above LCOs, atleast twenty of the above LCOs, at least twenty-one of the above LCOs,at least twenty-two of the above LCOs, at least twenty-three of theabove LCOs, at least twenty-four of the above LCOs, at least twenty-fiveof the above LCOs, at least twenty-six of the above LCOs, at leasttwenty-seven of the above LCOs, at least twenty-eight of the above LCOs,at least twenty-nine of the above LCOs, at least thirty of the aboveLCOs, at least thirty-one of the above LCOs, at least thirty-two of theabove LCOs, and up to and including, all thirty-three of the above LCOs.

In another embodiment, the at least one LCO used in the compositionsdescribed herein (i.e., at least one of I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII),are combined with at least one pesticide, at least one beneficialmicroorganism, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise about1×10⁻²⁰ M to about 1×10⁻¹ M LCO. For example, the compositions describedherein may comprise about 1×10⁻²⁰ M, 1×10⁻¹⁹ M, 1×10⁻¹⁸ M, 1×10⁻¹⁷ M,1×10⁻¹⁶ M, 1×10⁻¹⁵ M, 1×10⁻¹⁴ M, 1×10⁻¹³ M, 1×10⁻¹² M, 1×10⁻¹¹ M,1×10⁻¹⁰ M, 1×10⁻⁹ M, 1×10⁻⁸ M, 1×10⁻⁷ M, 1×10⁻⁶ M, 1×10⁻⁵ M, 1×10⁻⁴ M,1×10⁻³ M, 1×10⁻² M, 1×10⁻¹ M of one or more LCOs. In some preferredembodiments, the LCO concentration is 1×10⁻¹⁴ M to 1×10⁻⁵ M, 1×10⁻¹² Mto 1×10⁻⁶ M, or 1×10⁻¹⁰ M to 1×10⁻⁷ M. In some preferred embodiments,the LCO concentration is 1×10⁻¹⁴ M to 1×10⁻⁵ M, 1×10⁻¹² M to 1×10⁻⁶ M,or 1×10⁻¹⁰ M to 1×10⁻⁷ M.

Pesticides:

Pesticides useful to compositions described herein may be chemicalpesticides, biological pesticides, or combinations thereof. Non-limitingexamples of pesticides that may be useful to compositions describedherein include fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides,nematicides, rodenticides, virucides, and combinations thereof. Inparticular embodiments, the compositions described herein comprisefungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, andcombinations thereof.

Fungicides:

In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise atleast one fungicide (“f”). Fungicides useful to the compositionsdescribed herein may be biological fungicides (“bf”), chemicalfungicides (“cf”), or combinations thereof. Fungicides may be selectedso as to be provide effective control against a broad spectrum ofphytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which deriveespecially from the classes of the Plasmodiophoromycetes,Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes,Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti).More common fungal pathogens that may be effectively targeted includePhytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium, Phomopsis or Selerotiniaand Phakopsora and combinations thereof.

Biological Fungicides (“bf”):

In embodiments, the biological fungicide (“bf”) can be at least onebacterium of the genus Actinomycetes, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter,Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia,Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Clavibacter,Comomonas, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter,Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter, Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella,Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pasteuria, Phingobacterium,Photorhabdus, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia,Stenofrophomonas, Streptomyces, Variovorax, and Xenorhadbus. Inparticular embodiments the bacteria is selected from the groupconsisting of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillusfirmus, Bacillus, lichenformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus,Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pasteuria penefrans,Pasteuria usage, Pseudomona fluorescens, and combinations thereof.

In embodiments the biological fungicide (“bf”) can be a fungus of thegenus Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Beauveria,Candida, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Cryphonectria, Fusarium,Gliocladium, Metarhizium, Metschnikowia, Microdochium, Muscodor,Paecilonyces, Phlebiopsis, Pseudozyma, Pythium, Trichoderma, Typhula,Ulocladium, and Verticilium. In particular embodiments the fungus isBeauveria bassiana, Coniothyrium minitans, Gliocladium vixens,Metarhizium anisopliae (also may be referred to in the art asMetarrhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium brunneum, or “green muscadine”),Muscodor albus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma polysporum, andcombinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of biological fungicides (“bf”) that may besuitable for use in the compositions disclosed herein includeAmpelomyces quisqualis (bf.1) (e.g., AQ 10® (bf.1a) from Intrachem BioGmbH & Co. KG, Germany), Aspergillus flavus (bf.2) (e.g., AFLAGUARDO(bf.2a) from Syngenta, CH), Aureobasidium pullulans (bf.3) (e.g.,BOTECTORO (bf.3a) from bio-ferm GmbH, Germany), Bacillus pumilus (bf.4),Bacillus pumilus isolate AQ717, NRRL B-21662 (bf.4a) (from Fa. AgraQuestInc., USA), Bacillus pumilus isolate NRRL B-30087 (bf.4b) (from Fa.AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus sp., isolate AQ175, ATCC 55608 (bf.5)(from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus sp., isolate AQ177, ATCC 55609(bf.6) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus subtilis (bf.7),Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ713, NRRL B-21661 (bf.7a) (in RHAPSODY®,SERENADE® MAX and SERENADE® ASO) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA),Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ743, NRRL B-21665 (bf.7b) (from Fa.AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bf.8) Bacillusamyloliquefaciens FZB24 (bf.8a) (e.g., TAEGROO (bf.8b) from NovozymesBiologicals, Inc., USA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate NRRL B-50349(bf.8c), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (bf.8d) (i.e., also known as1BE, isolate ATCC BAA-390), Bacillus thuringiensis (bf.9), Bacillusthuringiensis isolate AQ52, NRRL B-21619 (bf.9a) (from Fa. AgraQuestInc., USA), Candida oleophila (bf.10), Candida oleophila 1-82 (bf.10a)(e.g., ASPIRE® (bf.10b) from Ecogen Inc., USA), Candida saitoana (bf.11)(e.g., BIOCUREO (bf.11a) (in mixture with lysozyme) and BIOCOATO(bf.11b) from Micro Flo Company, USA (BASF SE) and Aiysta), Clonostachysrosea f. catenulata, also named Gliocladium catenulatum (bf.12) (e.g.,isolate J1446: PRESTOPO (bf.12a) from Verdera, Finland), Coniothyriumminitans (bf.13) (e.g., CONTANSO (bf.13a) from Prophyta, Germany),Cryphonectria parasitica (bf.14) (e.g., Endothia parasitica (bf.14a)from CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus (bf.15) (e.g., YIELD PLUS®(bf.15a) from Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum(bf.16) (e.g., BIOFOXO (bf.16a) from S.I.A.P.A., Italy, FUSACLEANO fromNatural Plant Protection, France), Metschnikowia fructicola (bf.17)(e.g., SHEMERO (bf.17a) from Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum(bf.18) (e.g., ANTIBOTO (bf.18a) from Agrauxine, France), Muscodor albus(bf.19), Muscodor albus isolate NRRL 30547 (bf.19a) (from Fa. AgraQuestInc., USA), Muscodor roseus (bf.20), Muscodor roseus isolate NRRL 30548(bf.20a) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Phlebiopsis gigantea (bf.21)(e.g., ROTSOPO (bf.21a) from Verdera, Finland), Pseudozyma flocculosa(bf.22) (e.g., SPORODEXO (bf.22a) from Plant Products Co. Ltd, Canada),Pythium oligandrum (bf.23), Pythium oligandrum DV74 (bf.23a) (e.g.,POLYVERSUMO (bf.23b) from Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech Rep.),Talaromyces flavus (bf.24), Talaromyces flavus V117b (bf.24a) (e.g.,PROTUSO (bf.24b) from Prophyta, Germany), Trichoderma asperellum(bf.25), Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 (bf.25a) (e.g., ECO-HOPE® (bf.25b)from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan), Trichoderma afroviride(bf.26), Trichoderma atroviride LC52 (bf.26a) (e.g., SENTINEL® (bf.26b)from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), Trichoderma harzianum (bf.27),Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (bf.27a) (e.g., PLANTSHIELDO (bf.27b) derFirma BioWorks Inc., USA), Trichoderma harzianum TH-35 (bf.27c) (e.g.,ROOT PRO® (bf.27d) from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel), Trichoderma harzianumT-39 (bf.27e) (e.g., TRICHODEX® and TRICHODERMA 2000® (bf.27f) fromMycontrol Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel), Trichodermaharzianum ICC012 (bf.27g), Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride(bf.28) (e.g., TRICHOPEL (bf.28a) from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ),Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 and Trichoderma viride ICC080 (bf.28b)(e.g., REMEDIERO WP (bf.28c) from Isagro Ricerca, Italy), Trichodermapolysporum and Trichoderma harzianum (bf.29) (e.g., BINABO (bf.29a) fromBINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden), Trichoderma stromaticum (bf.30) (e.g.,TRICOVABO (bf.30a) from C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil), Trichoderma virens(bf.31), Trichoderma virens GL-21 (bf.31a) (e.g., SOILGARDO (bf.31b)from Certis LLC, USA), Trichoderma virens G1-3 (bf.31c) (e.g., ATCC58678, from Novozymes BioAg, Inc.), Trichoderma virens G1-21 (bf.31d)(commercially available from Thermo Trilogy Corporation), Trichodermavirens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bf.32), Trichoderma virens G1-3and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 (bf.32a), Trichoderma virens G1-3and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate NRRL B-50349 (bf.32b),Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (bf.32c),Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 (bf.32d),Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate NRRLB-50349 (bf.32e), Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillusamyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (bf.32f), Trichoderma viride (bf.33) (e.g.,TRIECO® (bf.33a) from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien,BIO-CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien), Trichoderma viride TV1(bf.33b) (e.g., Trichoderma viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy),Trichoderma viride ICC080 (bf.33c), Streptomyces sp. isolate NRRL No.B-30145 (bf.34) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Streptomyces sp. isolateM1064 (bf.35) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Streptomyces galbus(bf.36), Streptomyces galbus isolate NRRL 30232 (bf.36a) (from Fa.AgraQuest Inc., USA), Streptomyces lydicus (bf.37), Streptomyces lydicusWYEC 108 (bf.37a) (e.g., isolate ATCC 55445 in ACTINOVATE®, ACTINOVATEAG®, ACTINOVATE STP®, ACTINO-IRON®, ACTINOVATE L&G®, and ACTINOGROW®from Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Streptomyces violaceusniger(bf.38), Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9 (bf.38a) (e.g., isolate ATCC55660 in DE-THATCH-9®, DECOMP-9®, and THATCH CONTROL® from IdahoResearch Foundation, USA), Streptomyces WYE 53 (bf.39) (e.g., isolateATCC 55750 in DE-THATCH-9®, DECOMP-9®, and THATCH CONTROL® from IdahoResearch Foundation, USA) and Ulocladium oudemansii (bf.40), Ulocladiumoudemansii HRU3 (bf.40a) (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® (bf.40b) from Botry-Zen Ltd,NZ).

In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one biological fungicide(“bf”) selected from (bf.1) to (bf.40b); i.e., at least one of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combinedwith at least one biological fungicide selected from the groupconsisting of (bf.1), (bf.1a), (bf.2), (bf.2a), (bf.3), (bf.4), (bf.4a),(bf.4b), (bf.5), (bf.6), (bf.7), (bf.7a), (bf.7b), (bf.8), (bf.8a),(bf.8b), (bf.8c), (bf.8d), (bf.9), (bf.9a), (bf.10), (bf.10a), (bf.10b),(bf.11), (bf.11a), (bf.11b), (bf.12), (bf.12a), (bf.13), (bf.13a),(bf.14), (bf.14a), (bf.15), (bf.15a), (bf.16), (bf.16a), (bf.17),(bf.17a), (bf.18), (bf.18a), (bf.19), (bf.19a), (bf.20), (bf.20a),(bf.21), (bf.21a), (bf.22), (bf.22a), (bf.23), (bf.23a), (bf.23b),(bf.24), (bf.24a), (bf.24b), (bf.25), (bf.25a), (bf.25b), (bf.26),(bf.26a), (bf.26b), (bf.27), (bf.27a), (bf.27b), (bf.27c), (bf.27d),(bf.27e), (bf.27f), (bf.27g), (bf.28), (bf.28a), (bf.28b), (bf.28c),(bf.29), (bf.29a), (bf.30), (bf.30a), (bf.31), (bf.31a), (bf.31b),(bf.31c), (bf.31d), (bf.32), (bf.32a), (bf.32b), (bf.32c), (bf.32d),(bf.32e), (bf.32f), (bf.33), (bf.33a), (bf.33b), (bf.33c) (bf.34),(bf.35), (bf.36), (bf.36a), (bf.37), (bf.37a), (bf.37a), (bf.38),(bf.38a), (bf.39), (bf.40), (bf.40a), (bf.40b) and combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, the biological fungicide can be plant growthactivators or plant defense agents including, but not limited to harpin,Reynoutria sachlinensis (e.g., REGALIA® (from Marrone BioInnovations,USA).

Chemical Fungicides (“cf”)

In certain embodiments, the fungicide is a chemical fungicide (“cf”).Representative examples of useful chemical fungicides (“cf”) that may besuitable for use in the present disclosure include aromatichydrocarbons, benzimidazoles, benzthiadiazole, carboxamides, carboxylicacid amides, morpholines, phenylamides, phosphonates, quinone outsideinhibitors (e.g. strobilurins), thiazolidines, thiophanates, thiophenecarboxamides, and triazoles:

A) strobilurins (cf.A):

azoxystrobin (cf.A1), coumethoxystrobin (cf.A2), coumoxystrobin (cf.A3),dimoxystrobin (cf.A4), enestroburin (cf.A5), fluoxastrobin (cf.A6),kresoxim-methyl (cf.A7), metominostrobin (cf.A8), orysastrobin (cf.A9),picoxystrobin (cf.A10), pyraclostrobin (cf.A11), pyrametostrobin(cf.A12), pyraoxystrobin (cf.A13), pyribencarb (cf.A14), trifloxystrobin(cf.A15), 2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylicacid methyl ester (cf.A16), and2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide(cf.A17);

B) carboxamides (cf.B):

carboxanilides (cf.B1): benalaxyl (cf.B1a), benalaxyl-M (cf.B1b),benodanil (cf.B1c), bixafen (cf.B1d), boscalid (cf.B1d), carboxin(cf.B1e), fenfuram (cf.B1f), fenhexamid (cf.B1g), flutolanil (cf.B1h),fluxapyroxad (cf.B1i), furametpyr (cf.B1j), isopyrazam (cf.B1k),isotianil (cf.B1l), kiralaxyl (cf.B1m), mepronil (cf.B1n), metalaxyl(cf.B1o), metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam) (cf.B1p), ofurace (cf.B1q), oxadixyl(cf.B1r), oxycarboxin (cf.B1s), penflufen (cf.B1t), penthiopyrad(cf.B1u), sedaxane (cf.B1v), tecloftalam (cf.B1w), thifluzamide(cf.B1x), tiadinil (cf.B1y), 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide(cf.B1z),N-(4′-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyra-zole-4-carboxamide(cf.B1aa), andN-(2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide(cf.B1ab);

carboxylic morpholides (cf.B2): dimethomorph (cf.B2a), flumorph(cf.B2b), pyrimorph (cf.B2c);

benzoic acid amides (cf.B3): flumetover (cf.B3a), fluopicolide (cf.B3b),fluopyram (cf.B3c), zoxamide (cf.B3d);

other carboxamides (cf.B4): carpropamid (cf.B4a), dicyclomet (cf.B4b),mandiproamid (cf.B4c), oxytetracyclin (cf.B4d), silthiofam (cf.B4e), andN-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide (cf.B4f);

C) azoles (cf.C):

triazoles (cf.C1): azaconazole (cf.C1a), bitertanol (cf.C1b),bromuconazole (cf.C1c), cyproconazole (cf.C1d), difenoconazole (cf.C1e),diniconazole (cf.C1f), diniconazole-M (cf.C1g), epoxiconazole (cf.C1h),fenbuconazole (cf.C1i), fluquinconazole (cf.C1j), flusilazole (cf.C1k),flutriafol (cf.C1l), hexaconazole (cf.C1m), imibenconazole (cf.C1n),ipconazole (cf.C1o), metconazole (cf.C1p), myclobutanil (cf.C1q),oxpoconazole (cf.C1r), paclobutrazole (cf.C1s), penconazole (cf.C1t),propiconazole (cf.C1u), prothioconazole (cf.C1v), simeconazole (cf.C1w),tebuconazole (cf.C1x), tetraconazole (cf.C1y), triadimefon (cf.C1z),triadimenol (cf.C1aa), triticonazole (cf.C1ab), uniconazole (cf.C1ac);

imidazoles (cf.C2): cyazofamid (cf.C2a), imazalil (cf.C2b), pefurazoate(cf.C2c), prochloraz (cf.C2d), triflumizol (cf.C2e);

D) heterocyclic compounds (cf.D):

pyridines (cf.D1): fluazinam (cf.D1a), pyrifenox (cf.D1b),3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine(cf.D1c),3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine(cf.D1d);

pyrimidines (cf.D2): bupirimate (cf.D2a), cyprodinil (cf.D2b),diflumetorim (cf.D2c), fenarimol (cf.D2d), ferimzone (cf.D2e),mepanipyrim (cf.D2f), nitrapyrin (cf.D2g), nuarimol (cf.D2h),pyrimethanil (cf.D2i);

piperazines (cf.D3): triforine (cf.D3a);

pyrroles (cf.D4): fenpiclonil (cf.D4a), fludioxonil (cf.D4b);

morpholines (cf.D5): aldimorph (cf.D5a), dodemorph (cf.D5b),dodemorph-acetate (cf.D5c), fenpropimorph (cf.D5d), tridemorph (cf.D5e);

piperidines (cf.D6): fenpropidin (cf.D6a);

dicarboximides (cf.D7): fluoroimid (cf.D7a), iprodione (cf.D7b),procymidone (cf.D7c), vinclozolin (cf.D7d);

non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles (cf.D8): famoxadone (cf.D8a),fenamidone (cf.D8b), flutianil (cf.D8c), octhilinone (cf.D8d),probenazole (cf.D8e),5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioicacid S-allyl ester (cf.D8f);

others (cf.D9): acibenzolar-S-methyl (cf.D9a), ametoctradin (cf.D9b),amisulbrom (cf.D9c), anilazin (cf.D9d), blasticidin-S (cf.D9e), captafol(cf.D9f), captan (cf.D9g), chinomethionat (cf.D9h), dazomet (cf.D9i),debacarb (cf.D9j), diclomezine (cf.D9k), difenzoquat (cf.D91),difenzoquat-methylsulfate (cf.D9m), fenoxanil (cf.D9n), Folpet (cf.D9o),oxolinic acid (cf.D9p), piperalin (cf.D9q), proquinazid (cf.D9r),pyroquilon (cf.D9s), quinoxyfen (cf.D9t), triazoxide (cf.D9u),tricyclazole (cf.D9v), 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one (cf.D9w),5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole(cf.D9x), and5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine(cf.D9y);

E) benzimidazoles (cf.E): carbendazim (cf.E1).

F) other active substances (cf.F):

guanidines (cf.F1): guanidine (cf.F1a), dodine (cf.F1b), dodine freebase (cf.F1c), guazatine (cf.F1d), guazatine-acetate (cf.F1e),iminoctadine (cf.F1f), iminoctadine-triacetate (cf.F1g),iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (cf.F1h);

antibiotics (cf.F2): kasugamycin (cf.F2a), kasugamycinhydrochloride-hydrate (cf.F2b), streptomycin (cf.F2c), polyoxine(cf.F2d), validamycin A (cf.F2e);

nitrophenyl derivates (cf.F3): binapacryl (cf.F3a), dicloran (cf.F3b),dinobuton (cf.F3c), dinocap (cf.F3d), nitrothal-isopropyl (cf.F3e),tecnazen (cf.F3f),

organometal compounds (cf.F4): fentin salts (cf.F4a), such asfentin-acetate (cf.F4b), fentin chloride (cf.F4c), or fentin hydroxide(cf.F4d);

sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds (cf.F5): dithianon (cf.F5a),isoprothiolane (cf.F5b);

organophosphorus compounds (cf.F6): edifenphos (cf.F6a), fosetyl(cf.F6b), fosetyl-aluminum (cf.F6c), iprobenfos (cf.F6d), phosphorusacid and its salts (cf.F6e), pyrazophos (cf.F6f), tolclofos-methyl(cf.F6g);

organochlorine compounds (cf.F7): chlorothalonil (cf.F7a), dichlofluanid(cf.F7b), dichlorophen (cf.F7c), flusulfamide (cf.F7d),hexachlorobenzene (cf.F7e), pencycuron (cf.F7f), pentachlorphenole andits salts (cf.F7g), phthalide (cf.F7h), quintozene (cf.F7i),thiophanate-methyl (cf.F7j), thiophanate (cf.F7k), tolylfluanid(cf.F71),N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide(cf.F7m);

inorganic active substances (cf.F8): Bordeaux mixture (cf.F8a), copperacetate (cf.F8b), copper hydroxide (cf.F8c), copper oxychloride(cf.F8d), basic copper sulfate (cf.F8e), and sulfur (cf.F8f).

Commercial fungicides are most suitably used in accordance with themanufacturer's instructions at the recommended concentrations.

In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one chemical fungicide(“cf”) selected from (cf.A) to (cf.F); i.e., at least one of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combinedwith at least one chemical fungicide selected from the group consistingof (cf.A), (cf.B), (cf.C), (cf.D), (cf.E), (cf.F) and combinationsthereof.

In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one chemical fungicide(“cf”) selected from (cf.A1) to (cf.F8b); i.e., at least one of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combinedwith at least one chemical fungicide selected from the group consistingof (cf.A1), (cf.A2), (cf.A3), (cf.A4), (cf.A5), (cf.A6), (cf.A7),(cf.A8), (cf.A9), (cf.A10), (cf.A11), (cf.A12), (cf.A13), (cf.A14),(cf.A15), (cf.A16), (cf.A17); (cf.B1): (cf.B1a), (cf.B1b), (cf.B1c),(cf.B1d), (cf.B1d), (cf.B1e), (cf.B1f), (cf.B1g), (cf.B1h), (cf.B1i),(cf.B1j), (cf.B1k), (cf.B11), (cf.B1m), (cf.B1n), (cf.B1o), (cf.B1p),(cf.B1q), (cf.B1r), (cf.B1s), (cf.B1t), (cf.B1u), (cf.B1v), (cf.B1w),(cf.B1 x), (cf.B1y), (cf.B1z), (cf.B1aa), (cf.B1ab), (cf.B2a), (cf.B2b),(cf.B2c), (cf.B3a), (cf.B3b), (cf.B3c), (cf.B3d), (cf.B4a), (cf.B4b),(cf.B4c), (cf.B4d), (cf.B4e), (cf.B4f), (cf.C1a), (cf.C1b), (cf.C1c),(cf.C1d), (cf.C1e), (cf.C1f), (cf.C1g), (cf.C1h), (cf.C1i), (cf.C1j),(cf.C1k), (cf.C11l), (cf.C1m), (cf.C1n), (cf.C1o), (cf.C1p), (cf.C1q),(cf.C1r), (cf.C1s), (cf.C1t), (cf.C1u), (cf.C1v), (cf.C1w), (cf.C1x),(cf.C1y), (cf.C1z), (cf.C1aa), (cf.C1ab), (cf.C1ac), (cf.C2a), (cf.C2b),(cf.C2c), (cf.C2d), (cf.C2e) (cf.D1a), (cf.D1b), (cf.D1c), (cf.D1d),(cf.D2a), (cf.D2b), (cf.D2c), (cf.D2d), (cf.D2e), (cf.D2f), (cf.D2g),(cf.D2h), (cf.D2i), (cf.D3a), (cf.D4a), (cf.D4b), (cf.D5a), (cf.D5b),(cf.D5c), (cf.D5d), (cf.D5e), (cf.D6a), (cf.D7a), (cf.D7b), (cf.D7c),(cf.D7d), (cf.D8a), (cf.D8b), (cf.D8c), (cf.D8d), (cf.D8e), (cf.D8f),(cf.D9a), (cf.D9b), (cf.D9c), (cf.D9d), (cf.D9e), (cf.D9f), (cf.D9g),(cf.D9h), (cf.D9i), (cf.D9j), (cf.D9k), (cf.D91), (cf.D9m), (cf.D9n),(cf.D9o), (cf.D9p), (cf.D9q), (cf.D9r), (cf.D9s), (cf.D9t), (cf.D9u),(cf.D9v), (cf.D9w), (cf.D9x), (cf.D9y), (cf.E1), (cf.F1a), (cf.F1b),(cf.F1c), (cf.F1d), (cf.F1e), (cf.F1f), (cf.F1g), (cf.F1h), (cf.F2a),(cf.F2b), (cf.F2c), (cf.F2d), (cf.F2e); (cf.F3a), (cf.F3b), (cf.F3c),(cf.F3d), (cf.F3e), (cf.F3f), (cf.F4a), (cf.F4b), (cf.F4c), (cf.F4d),(cf.F5a), (cf.F5b), (cf.F6a), (cf.F6b), (cf.F6c), (cf.F6d), (cf.F6e),(cf.F6f), (cf.F6g), (cf.F7a), (cf.F7b), (cf.F7c), (cf.F7d), (cf.F7e),(cf.F7f), (cf.F7g), (cf.F7h), (cf.F7i), (cf.F7j), (cf.F7k), (cf.F71),(cf.F7m), (cf.F8a), (cf.F8b), (cf.F8c), (cf.F8d), (cf.F8e), (cf.F8f),and combinations thereof.

Herbicides:

In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may furthercomprise at least one herbicide (“h”).

Non-limiting examples of herbicides may acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)inhibitors (h.A), acetolactate synthase (ALS) (h.B) or acetohydroxy acidsynthase (AHAS) inhibitors (h.C), photosystem II inhibitors (h.D),photosystem I inhibitors (h.E), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO orProtox) inhibitors (h.F), carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors (h.G),enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitor (h.H),glutamine synthetase inhibitor (h.I), dihydropteroate synthetaseinhibitor (h.J), mitosis inhibitors (h.K),4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitors (h.L),synthetic auxins (h.M), auxin herbicide salts (h.N), auxin transportinhibitors (h.O), and nucleic acid inhibitors (h.P), salts and estersthereof; racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof; and combinationsthereof.

Specific examples of possible herbicides (“h”) include2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (h.1),2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (h.2), ametryn (h.3),amicarbazone (h.4), aminocyclopyrachlor (h.5), acetochlor (h.6),acifluorfen (h.7), alachlor (h.8), atrazine (h.9), azafenidin (h.10),bentazon (h.11), benzofenap (h.12), bifenox (h.13), bromacil (h.14),bromoxynil (h.15), butachlor (h.16), butafenacil (h.17), butroxydim(h.18), carfentrazone-ethyl (h.19), chlorimuron (h.20), chlorotoluron(h.21), clethodim (h.22), clodinafop (h.23), clomazone (h.24), cyanazine(h.25), cycloxydim (h.26), cyhalofop (h.27), desmedipham (h.28),desmetryn (h.29), dicamba (h.30), diclofop (h.31), dimefuron (h.32),diuron (h.33), dithiopyr (h.34), fenoxaprop (h.35), fluazifop (h.36),fluazifop-P (h.37), fluometuron (h.38), flufenpyr-ethyl (h.39),flumiclorac-pentyl (h.40), flumioxazin (h.41), fluoroglycofen (h.42),fluthiacet-methyl (h.43), fomesafe (h.44), fomesafen (h.45), glyphosate(h.46), glufosinate (h.47), haloxyfop (h.48), hexazinone (h.49),imazamox (h.50), imazaquin (h.51), imazethapyr (h.52), ioxynil (h.53),isoproturon (h.54), isoxaflutole (h.55), lactofen (h.56), linuron(h.57), mecoprop (h.58), mecoprop-P (h.59), mesotrione (h.60),metamitron (h.61), metazochlor (h.62), methibenzuron (h.63), metolachlor(h.64) (and S-metolachlor (h.65)), metoxuron (h.66), metribuzin (h.67),monolinuron (h.68), oxadiargyl (h.69), oxadiazon (h.70), oxyfluorfen(h.71), phenmedipham (h.72), pretilachlor (h.73), profoxydim (h.74),prometon (h.75), prometryn (h.76), propachlor (h.77), propanil (h.78),propaquizafop (h.79), propisochlor (h.80), pyraflufen-ethyl (h.81),pyrazon (h.82), pyrazolynate (h.83), pyrazoxyfen (h.84), pyridate(h.85), quizalofop (h.86), quizalofop-P (h.87) (e.g., quizalofop-ethyl(h.88), quizalofop-P-ethyl (h.89), clodinafop-propargyl (h.90),cyhalofop butyl (h.91), diclofop-methyl (h.92), fenoxaprop-P-ethyl(h.93), fluazifop-P-butyl (h.94), haloxyfop-methyl (h.95),haloxyfop-R-methyl (h.96)), saflufenacil (h.97), sethoxydim (h.98),siduron (h.99), simazine (h.100), simetryn (h.101), sulcotrione (h.102),sulfentrazone (h.103), tebuthiuron (h.104), tembotrione (h.105),tepraloxydim (h.106), terbacil (h.107), terbumeton (h.108),terbuthylazine (h.109), thaxtomin (e.g., the thaxtomins as described inU.S. Pat. No. 7,989,393) (h.110), thenylchlor (h.111), tralkoxydim(h.112), triclopyr (h.113), trietazine (h.114), tropramezone (h.115),and salts and esters thereof; racemic mixtures and resolved isomersthereof, and combinations thereof.

Commercial products containing herbicides are readily available.Herbicide concentration in the composition will generally correspond tothe labeled use rate for a particular herbicide.

In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one herbicide (“h”)selected from (h.A) to (h.P); i.e., at least one of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with atleast one herbicide selected from the group consisting of (h.A), (h.B),(h.C), (h.D), (h.E), (h.F), (h.G), (h.H), (h.I), (h.J), (h.K), (h.L),(h.M), (h.N), (h.O), (h.P), and combinations thereof.

In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one herbicide (“h”)selected from (h.1) to (h.115); i.e., at least one of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combinedwith at least one herbicide selected from the group consisting of (h.1),(h.2), (h.3), (h.4), (h.5), (h.6), (h.7), (h.8), (h.9), (h.10), (h.11),(h.12), (h.13), (h.14), (h.15), (h.16), (h.17), (h.18), (h.19), (h.20),(h.21), (h.22), (h.23), (h.24), (h.25), (h.26), (h.27), (h.28), (h.29),(h.30), (h.31), (h.32), (h.33), (h.34), (h.35), (h.36), (h.37), (h.38),(h.39), (h.40), (h.41), (h.42), (h.43), (h.44), (h.45), (h.46), (h.47),(h.48), (h.49), (h.50), (h.51), (h.52), (h.53), (h.54), (h.55), (h.56),(h.57), (h.58), (h.59), (h.60), (h.61), (h.62), (h.63), (h.64), (h.65),(h.66), (h.67), (h.68), (h.69), (h.70), (h.71), (h.72), (h.73), (h.74),(h.75), (h.76), (h.77), (h.78), (h.79), (h.80), (h.81), (h.82), (h.83),(h.84), (h.85), (h.86), (h.87), (h.88), (h.89), (h.90), (h.91), (h.92),(h.93), (h.94), (h.95), (h.96), (h.97), (h.98), (h.99), (h.100),(h.101), (h.102), (h.103), (h.104), (h.105), (h.106), (h.107), (h.108),(h.109), (h.110), (h.111), (h.112), (h.113), (h.114), (h.115), andcombinations thereof.

Insecticides, Acaricides, Nematicides:

In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may furthercomprise at least one insecticide, acaricide, nematicide (“ian”), orcombinations thereof. Insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides usefulto the compositions described herein will suitably exhibit activityagainst a broad range of nematodes, insects, and acarids. Theinsecticides, acaricides, and nematicides described herein may bechemical (“cian”), microbial (“bian”) (e.g., biological solutions, suchas fungal and/or bacterial insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides,etc.), or combinations thereof.

Chemical Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides (“cian”):

Non-limiting examples of chemical insecticides, acaricides, andnematicides (“cian”) that may be useful to the compositions disclosedherein include carbamates (cian.A), diamides (cian.B), macrocycliclactones (cian.C), neonicotinoids (cian.D), organophosphates (cian.E),phenylpyrazoles (cian.F), pyrethrins (cian.G), spinosyns (cian.H),synthetic pyrethroids (cian.I), tetronic acids (cian.J) and tetramicacids (cian.K).

In particular embodiments useful chemical insecticides, acaricides, andnematicides include acrinathrin (cian.1), alpha-cypermethrin (cian.2),betacyfluthrin (cian.3), cyhalothrin (cian.4), cypermethrin (cian.5),deltamethrin (cian.6), csfenvalcrate (cian.7), etofenprox (cian.8),fenpropathrin (cian.9), fenvalerate (cian.10), flucythrinat (cian.11),fosthiazate (cian.12), lambda-cyhalothrin (cian.13), gamma-cyhalothrin(cian.14), permethrin (cian.15), tau-fluvalinate (cian.16),transfluthrin (cian.17), zeta-cypermethrin (cian.18), cyfluthrin(cian.19), bifenthrin (cian.20), tefluthrin (cian.21), eflusilanat(cian.22), fubfenprox (cian.23), pyrethrin (cian.24), resmethrin(cian.25), imidacloprid (cian.26), acetamiprid (cian.27), thiamethoxam(cian.28), nitenpyram (cian.29), thiacloprid (cian.30), dinotefuran(cian.31), clothianidin (cian.32), imidaclothiz (cian.33),chlorfluazuron (cian.34), diflubenzuron (cian.35), lufenuron (cian.36),teflubenzuron (cian.37), triflumuron (cian.38), novaluron (cian.39),flufenoxuron (cian.40), hexaflumuron (cian.41), bistrifluoron (cian.42),noviflumuron (cian.43), buprofezin (cian.44), cyromazine (cian.45),methoxyfenozide (cian.46), tebufenozide (cian.47), halofenozide(cian.48), chromafenozide (cian.49), endosulfan (cian.50), fipronil(cian.51), ethiprole (cian.52), pyrafluprole (cian.53), pyriprole(cian.54), flubendiamide (cian.55), chlorantraniliprole (cian.56) (e.g.,Rynaxypyr (cian.56a)), cyazypyr (cian.57), emamectin (cian.58),emamectin benzoate (cian.59), abamectin (cian.60), ivermectin (cian.61),milbemectin (cian.62), lepimectin (cian.63), tebufenpyrad (cian.64),fenpyroximate (cian.65), pyridaben (cian.66), fenazaquin (cian.67),pyrimidifen (cian.68), tolfenpyrad (cian.69), dicofol (cian.70),cyenopyrafen (cian.71), cyflumetofen (cian.72), acequinocyl (cian.73),fluacrypyrin (cian.74), bifenazate (cian.75), diafenthiuron (cian.76),etoxazole (cian.77), clofentezine (cian.78), spinosad (cian.79),triarathen (cian.80), tetradifon (cian.81), propargite (cian.82),hexythiazox (cian.83), bromopropylate (cian.84), chinomethionat(cian.85), amitraz (cian.86), pyrifluquinazon (cian.87), pymetrozine(cian.88), flonicamid (cian.89), pyriproxyfen (cian.90), diofenolan(cian.91), chlorfenapyr (cian.92), metaflumizone (cian.93), indoxacarb(cian.94), chlorpyrifos (cian.95), spirodiclofen (cian.96), spiromesifen(cian.97), spirotetramat (cian.98), pyridalyl (cian.99), spinctoram(cian.100), acephate (cian.101), triazophos (cian.102), profenofos(cian.103), oxamyl (cian.104), spinetoram (cian.105), fenamiphos(cian.106), fenamipclothiahos (cian.107),4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one(cian.108), cadusaphos (cian.109), carbaryl (cian.110), carbofuran(cian.111), ethoprophos (cian.112), thiodicarb (cian.113), aldicarb(cian.114), aldoxycarb (cian.115), metamidophos (cian.116), methiocarb(cian.117), sulfoxaflor (cian.118), cyantraniliprole (cian.119),tioxazofen (cian.120), and combinations thereof.

In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one chemicalinsecticide, acaricide, or nematicide (“cian”) selected from (cian.A) to(cian.K); i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one chemicalinsecticide, acaricide, or nematicide selected from the group consistingof (cian.A), (cian.B), (cian.C), (cian.D), (cian.E), (cian.F), (cian.G),(cian.H), (cian.I), (cian.J), (cian.K), and combinations thereof.

In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one chemicalinsecticide, acaricide, or nematicide (“cian”) selected from (cian.1) to(cian.120); i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one chemicalinsecticide, acaricide, or nematicide selected from the group consistingof (cian.1), (cian.2), (cian.3), (cian.4), (cian.5), (cian.6), (cian.7),(cian.8), (cian.9), (cian.10), (cian.11), (cian.12), (cian.13),(cian.14), (cian.15), (cian.16), (cian.17), (cian.18), (cian.19),(cian.20), (cian.21), (cian.22), (cian.23), (cian.24), (cian.25),(cian.26), (cian.27), (cian.28), (cian.29), (cian.30), (cian.31),(cian.32), (cian.33), (cian.34), (cian.35), (cian.36), (cian.37),(cian.38), (cian.39), (cian.40), (cian.41), (cian.42), (cian.43),(cian.44), (cian.45), (cian.46), (cian.47), (cian.48), (cian.49),(cian.50), (cian.51), (cian.52), (cian.53), (cian.54), (cian.55),(cian.56) (cian.56a), (cian.57), (cian.58), (cian.59), (cian.60),(cian.61), (cian.62), (cian.63), (cian.64), (cian.65), (cian.66),(cian.67), (cian.68), (cian.69), (cian.70), (cian.71), (cian.72),(cian.73), (cian.74), (cian.75), (cian.76), (cian.77), (cian.78),(cian.79), (cian.80), (cian.81), (cian.82), (cian.83), (cian.84),(cian.85), (cian.86), (cian.87), (cian.88), (cian.89), (cian.90),(cian.91), (cian.92), (cian.93), (cian.94), (cian.95), (cian.96),(cian.97), (cian.98), (cian.99), (cian.100), (cian.101), (cian.102),(cian.103), (cian.104), (cian.105), (cian.106), (cian.107), (cian.108),(cian.109), (cian.110), (cian.111), (cian.112), (cian.113), (cian.114),(cian.115), (cian.116), (cian.117), (cian.118), (cian.119), (cian.120)and combinations thereof.

Microbial Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides (“mian”)

A) Fungal Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides (Mian.A)

In a particular embodiment, the microbial insecticide, acaricide, ornematicide is a fungal insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide.Non-limiting examples of fungal insecticides, acaricides, or nematicidesthat may be used in the compositions disclosed herein are described inMcCoy, C. W., Samson, R. A., and Coucias, D. G. “Entomogenous fungi. In“CRC Handbook of Natural Pesticides. Microbial Pesticides, Part A.Entomogenous Protozoa and Fungi.” (C. M. Inoffo, ed.), (1988): Vol. 5,151-236; Samson, R. A., Evans, H.C., and Latge', J. P. “Atlas ofEntomopathogenic Fungi.” (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) (1988); and deFaria,M. R. and Wraight, S. P. “Mycoinsecticides and Mycoacaricides: Acomprehensive list with worldwide coverage and internationalclassification of formulation types.” Biol. Control (2007), doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001.

In embodiments, the fungal insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide can bea fungus of the genus Aegerita, Akanthomyces, Alternaria, Arthrobotrys,Aschersonia, Ascophaera, Aspergillus, Beauveria, Blastodendrion,Calonecfria, Coelemomyces, Coelomycidium, Conidiobolus, Cordyceps,Couchia, Culicinomyces, Dactylaria, Engyodontium, Entomophaga,Entomophthora, Erynia, Filariomyces, Filobasidiella, Fusarium,Gibellula, Harposporium, Hesperomyces, Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe,Hypocrella, Isaria, Lecanicillium, Lagenidium, Leptolegnia, Massospora,Metarhizium, Meristacrum, Metschnikowia, Monacrosporium, Mycoderma,Myiophagus, Myriangium, Myrothecium, Nectria, Nematoctonus, Neozygites,Nomuraea, Paecilomyces, Pandora, Paraisaria, Pasteuria,Pleurodesmospora, Pochonia, Podonecfria, Polycephalomyces,Pseudogibellula, Septobasidium, Sorosporella, Sporodiniella, Stillbella,Tetranacrium, Tilachlidium, Tolypocladium, Torrubiella, Trenomyces,Trichoderma, Uredinella, Verticillium, Zoophthora, and combinationsthereof.

Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be useful as afungal insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide in the compositionsdescribed herein include Alternaria cassia (mian.A1), Arthrobotrysdactyloides (mian.A2), Arthrobotrys oligospora (mian.A3), Arthrobotryssuperb (mian.A4), Arthrobotrys dactyloides (mian.A5), Aspergillusparasiticus (mian.A6), Beauveria bassiana (mian.A7), Beauveria bassianaisolate ATCC-74040 (mian.A7a), Beauveria bassiana isolate ATCC-74250(mian.A7b), Dactylaria candida (mian.A8), Fusarium lateritum (mian.A9),Fusarium solani (mian.A10), Harposporium anguillulae (mian.A11),Hirsutella rhossiliensis (mian.A12), Hirsutella minnesotensis(mian.A13), Lecanicillium lecanii (mian.A14), Metarhizium anisopliae(also may be referred to in the art as Metarrhizium anisopliae,Metarhizium brunneum, or “green muscadine”) (mian.A15), Metarhiziumanisopliae isolate F52 (mian.A15a) (also known as Metarhizium anisopliaestrain 52, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 7, Metarhizium anisopliaestrain 43, Metarhizium anisopliae BIO-1020, TAE-001 and deposited as DSM3884, DSM 3885, ATCC 90448, SD 170, and ARSEF 7711) (available fromNovozymes Biologicals, Inc., USA)), Monacrosporium cionopagum(mian.A16), Nematoctonus geogenius (mian.A17), Nematoctonus leiosporus(mian.A18), Meristacrum asterospermum (mian.A19), Myrothecium verrucaria(mian.A20), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (mian.A21), Paecilomycesfumosoroseus FE991 (mian.A21a) (in NOFLYO from FuturEco BioScience S.L.,Barcelona, Spain), Paecilomyces lilacinus (mian.A22), Pasteuriapenetrans (mian.A23), Pasteuria usage (mian.A24), Pochonia chlamydopora(mian.A25), Trichoderma hamatum (mian.A26), Trichoderma harzianum(mian.A27), Trichoderma vixens (mian.A28), Verticillium chlamydosporum(mian.A29), Verticillium lecanii (mian.A30), and combinations thereof.

B) Bacterial Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides (Mian.B)

In a particular embodiment, the microbial pesticide is a bacterialinsecticide, acaricide, or nematicide.

In embodiments, the bacterial insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide canbe a bacterium of the genus Actinomycetes Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter,Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia,Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clavibacter, Clostridium, Comomonas,Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Desulforibtio, Enterobacter,Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter, Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella,Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Phyllobacterium, Phingobacterium,Photorhabdus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Stenotrotrophomonas,Streptomyces, Xenorhadbus, Variovorax, and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be useful as abacterial insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide in the compositionsdescribed herein include Bacillus firmus (mian.B1), Bacillus firmusisolate 1-1582 (mian.B1a) (in BioNeem, Votivo), Bacillus mycoides(mian.B2), Bacillus mycoides isolate AQ726, NRRL B-21664 (mian.B2a),Burkholderia sp. (mian.B3), Burkholderia sp. nov. rinojensis (mian.B3a),Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov. rinojensis, NRRL B-50319 (mian.B3b),Chromobacterium subtsugae (mian.B4), Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov.(mian.B4a), Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov. isolate NRRL B-30655(mian.B4b), Chromobacterium vaccinii (mian.B5), Chromobacterium vacciniiisolate NRRL B-50880 (mian.B5a), Chromobacterium violaceum (mian.B6),Flavobacterium sp. (mian.B7), Flavobacterium sp. isolate H492, NRRLB-50584 (mian.B7a), Streptomyces lydicus (mian.B8), Streptomycesviolaceusniger (mian.B9), and combinations thereof.

Commercial microbial insecticides, acaricides, or nematicides are mostsuitably used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at therecommended concentrations.

In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one microbialinsecticide, acaricide, or nematicide (“mian”) selected from (mian.A1)to (mian.B9); i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least onemicrobial insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide selected from the groupconsisting of (mian.A1), (mian.A2), (mian.A3), (mian.A4), (mian.A5),(mian.A6), (mian.A7), (mian.A7a), (mian.A7b), (mian.A8), (mian.A9),(mian.A10), (mian.A11), (mian.A12), (mian.A13), (mian.A14), (mian.A15),(mian.A15a) (mian.A16), (mian.A17), (mian.A18), (mian.A19), (mian.A20),(mian.A21), (mian.A21a) (mian.A22), (mian.A23), (mian.A24), (mian.A25),(mian.A26), (mian.A27), (mian.A28), (mian.A29), (mian.A30) (mian.B1),(mian.B1a), (mian.B2), (mian.B2a), (mian.B3), (mian.B3a), (mian.B3b),(mian.B4), (mian.B4a), (mian.B4b), (mian.B5), (mian.B5a), (mian.B6),(mian.B7), (mian.B7a), (mian.B8), (mian.B9), and combinations thereof.

Beneficial Microorganisms (“bm”):

In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may furthercomprise at least one beneficial microorganism (“bm”). The at least onebeneficial microorganism may be in a spore form, a vegetative form, or acombination thereof.

A) Diazotrophs (bm.A)

In particular embodiments, the at least one beneficial microorganism(“bm”) is a diazotroph (i.e., bacteria which are symbioticnitrogen-fixing bacteria).

In embodiments, the diazotroph is a bacterium of the genus Azorhizobium,Azospirillum, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium,and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be useful as abacterial diazotroph in the compositions described herein includeAzorhizobium caulinodans (bm.A1), Azorhizobium doebereinerae (bm.A2),Azospirillum amazonense (bm.A3), Azospirillum brasilense (bm.A4),Azospirillum brasilense isolate INTA Az-39 (bm.A4a) (available fromNovozymes), Azospirillum canadense (bm.A5), Azospirillum doebereinerae(bm.A6), Azospirillum formosense (bm.A7), Azospirillum halopraeferans(bm.A8), Azospirillum irakense (bm.A9), Azospirillum largimobile(bm.A10), Azospirillum lipoferum (bm.A11), Azospirillum melinis(bm.A12), Azospirillum oryzae (bm.A13), Azospirillum picis (bm.A14),Azospirillum rugosum (bm.A15), Azospirillum thiophilum (bm.A16),Azospirillum zeae (bm.A17), Bradyrhizobium bete (bm.A18), Bradyrhizobiumcanadense (bm.A19), Bradyrhizobium elkanii (bm.A20), Bradyrhizobiumelkanii isolate SEMIA 587 (bm.A20a) (available from Novozymes),Bradyrhizobium elkanii isolate SEMIA 5019 (bm.A20b) (available fromNovozymes), Bradyrhizobium iriomotense (bm.A21), Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum (bm.A22), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate SEMIA 5079(bm.A22a) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolateSEMIA 5080 (bm.A22b) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum isolate NRRL B-50608 (bm.A22c) (available from Novozymes),Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50609 (bm.A22d) (available fromNovozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50610 (bm.A22e)(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRLB-50611 (bm.A22f) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50612 (bm.A22g) (available from Novozymes),Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50592 (deposited also as NRRLB-59571) (bm.A22h) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50593 (deposited also as NRRL B-59572) (bm.A22i)(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRLB-50586 (deposited also as NRRL B-59565) (bm.A22j) (available fromNovozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50588 (depositedalso as NRRL B-59567) (bm.A22k) (available from Novozymes),Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50587 (deposited also as NRRLB-59566) (bm.A221) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50589 (deposited also as NRRL B-59568) (bm.A22m)(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRLB-50591 (deposited also as NRRL B-59570) (bm.A22n) (available fromNovozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum NRRL B-50590 (deposited also asNRRL B-59569) (bm.A22o) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum isolate NRRL B-50594 (deposited also as NRRL B-50493)(bm.A22p) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolateNRRL B-50726 (bm.A22q) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum isolate NRRL B-50727 (bm.A22r) (available from Novozymes),Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50728 (bm.A22s) (available fromNovozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50729 (bm.A22t)(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRLB-50730 (bm.A22u) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate USDA 532C (bm.A22v), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 110(bm.A22w), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 123 (bm.A22x),Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 127 (bm.A22y), Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum isolate USDA 129 (bm.A22z), Bradyrhizobium jicamae (bm.A23),Bradyrhizobium liaoningense (bm.A24), Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi(bm.A25), Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense (bm.A26), Mesorhizobium albiziae(bm.A27), Mesorhizobium amorphae (bm.A28), Mesorhizobium chacoense(bm.A29), Mesorhizobium ciceri (bm.A30), Mesorhizobium huakuii (bm.A31),Mesorhizobium loti (bm.A32), Mesorhizobium mediterraneum (bm.A33),Mesorhizobium pluifarium (bm.A34), Mesorhizobium septentrionale(bm.A35), Mesorhizobium temperatum (bm.A36), Mesorhizobium tianshanense(bm.A37), Rhizobium cellulosilyticum (bm.A38), Rhizobium daejeonense(bm.A39), Rhizobium etli (bm.A40), Rhizobium galegae (bm.A41), Rhizobiumgallicum (bm.A42), Rhizobium giardinii (bm.A43), Rhizobium hainanense(bm.A44), Rhizobium huautlense (bm.A45), Rhizobium indigoferae (bm.A46),Rhizobium leguminosarum (bm.A47), Rhizobium leguminosarum isolateSO12A-2-(IDAC 080305-01) (bm.A47a), Rhizobium loessense (bm.A48),Rhizobium lupini (bm.A49), Rhizobium lusitanum (bm.A50), Rhizobiummeliloti (bm.A51), Rhizobium mongolense (bm.A52), Rhizobium miluonense(bm.A53), Rhizobium sullae (bm.A54), Rhizobium fropici (bm.A55),Rhizobium undicola (bm.A56), Rhizobium yanglingense (bm.A57),Sinorhizobium abri (bm.A58), Sinorhizobium adhaerens (bm.A59),Sinorhizobium americanum (bm.A60), Sinorhizobium aboris (bm.A61),Sinorhizobium fredii (bm.A62), Sinorhizobium indiaense (bm.A63),Sinorhizobium kostiense (bm.A64), Sinorhizobium kummerowiae (bm.A65),Sinorhizobium medicae (bm.A66), Sinorhizobium meliloti (bm.A67),Sinorhizobium mexicanus (bm.A68), Sinorhizobium morelense (bm.A69),Sinorhizobium saheli (bm.A70), Sinorhizobium terangae (bm.A71),Sinorhizobium xinjiangense (bm.A72), and combinations thereof.

B) Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (Bm.B)

In particular embodiments, the at least one beneficial microorganism(“bm”) is a phosphate solubilizing microorganism.

In embodiments, the at least one phosphate solubilizing microorganism isa fungus of the genus Penicillium, Talaromyces, and combinationsthereof.

Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be useful as aphosphate solubilizing fungus in the compositions described hereininclude Penicillium albidum (bm.B1), Penicillium aurantiogriseum(bm.B2), Penicillium bilaiae (formerly known as Penicillium bilaii andPenicillium bilaji) (bm.B3), Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 20851(bm.B3a), Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 22348 (bm.B3b), Penicilliumbilaiae isolate V08/021001 (also deposited as NRRL B-50612) (bm.B3c),Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50776 (bm.B3d), Penicillium bilaiaeisolate NRRL B-50777 (bm.B3e), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50778(bm.B3f), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50779 (bm.B3g), Penicilliumbilaiae isolate NRRL B-50780 (bm.B3h), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRLB-50781 (bm.B3i), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50782 (bm.B3j),Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50783 (bm.B3k), Penicillium bilaiaeisolate NRRL B-50784 (bm.B31), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50785(bm.B3m), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50786 (bm.B3n), Penicilliumbilaiae isolate NRRL B-50787 (bm.B3o), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRLB-50788 (bm.B3p), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50169 (bm.B3q),Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 18309 (bm.B3r), Penicilliumbrevicompactum (bm.B4), Penicillium brevicompactum isolate AgRF18(bm.B4a), Penicillium canescens (bm.B5), Penicillium canescens isolateATCC 10419 (bm.B5a), Penicillium chrysogenum (bm.B6), Penicilliumcitreonigrum (bm.B7), Penicillium citrinum (bm.B8), Penicilliumdigitatum (bm.B9), Penicillium expansum (bm.B10), Penicillium expansumisolate ATCC 24692 (bm.B10a), Penicillium expansum isolate YTO2(bm.B10b), Penicillium fellutanum (bm.B11), Penicillium fellutanumisolate ATCC 48694 (bm.B11a), Penicillium frequentas (bm.B12),Penicillium fuscum (bm.B13), Penicillium fussiporus (bm.B14),Penicillium gaestrivorus (bm.B15), Penicillium gaesfrivorus isolate NRRL50170 (bm.B15a), Penicillium glabrum (bm.B16), Penicillium glabrumisolate DAOM 239074 (bm.B16a), Penicillium glabrum isolate CBS 229.28(bm.B16b), Penicillium glaucum (bm.B17), Penicillium griseofulvum(bm.B18), Penicillium implicatum (bm.B19), Penicillium janthinellum(bm.B20), Penicillium janthinellum isolate ATCC 10455 (bm.B20a),Penicillium lanosocoeruleum (bm.B21), Penicillium lanosocoeruleumisolate ATCC 48919 (bm.B21a), Penicillium lilacinum (bm.B22),Penicillium minioluteum (bm.B23), Penicillium montanense (bm.B24),Penicillium nigricans (bm.B25), Penicillium oxalicum (bm.B26),Penicillium pinetorum (bm.B27), Penicillium pinophilum (bm.B28),Penicillium purpurogenum (bm.B29), Penicillium radicum (bm.B30),Penicillium radicum isolate N93/47267 (bm.B30a), Penicillium radicumisolate FRR 4717 (bm.B30b), Penicillium radicum isolate ATCC 201836(bm.B30c), Penicillium radicum isolate FRR 4719 (bm.B30d), Penicilliumraistrickii (bm.B31), Penicillium raistrickii isolate ATCC 10490(bm.B31a), Penicillium rugulosum (bm.B32), Penicillium simplicissimum(bm.B33), Penicillium solitum (bm.B34), Penicillium variabile (bm.B35),Penicillium velutinum (bm.B36), Penicillium viridicatum (bm.B37),Talaromyces aculeatus (bm.B38), Talaromyces aculeatus isolate ATCC 10409(bm.B38a), and combinations thereof.

C) Mycorrhiza (bm.C)

In particular embodiments, the at least one beneficial microorganism(“bm”) is a mycorrhiza. Suitable mycorrhizae include endomycorrhiza(also called vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, VAMs, arbuscularmycorrhiza, or AMs), ectomycorrhiza, ericoid mycorrhiza, andcombinations thereof.

In embodiments, the mycorrhiza is a fungus of the genus Gigaspora,Glomus, Hymenoscyphous, Laccaria, Oidiodendron, Paraglomus, Pisolithus,Rhizoctonia, Rhizopogon, Scleroderma, and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of particular mycorrhizal species that may beuseful in the compositions described herein include Gigaspora margarita(bm.C1), Glomus aggregatum (bm.C2), Glomus brasilianum (bm.C3), Glomusclarum (bm.C4), Glomus deserticola (bm.C5), Glomus etunicatum (bm.C6),Glomus fasciculatum (bm.C7), Glomus intraradices (bm.C8), Glomusmonosporum (bm.C9), Glomus mosseae (bm.C10), Hymenoscyphous ericae(bm.C11), Laccaria bicolor (bm.C12), Laccaria laccata (bm.C13),Oidiodendron sp. (bm.C14), Paraglomus brazilianum (bm.C15), Pisolithustinctorius (bm.C16), Rhizoctonia sp. (bm.C17), Rhizopogon amylopogon(bm.C18), Rhizopogon fulvigleba (bm.C19), Rhizopogon luteolus (bm.C20),Rhizopogon villosuli (bm.C21), Scleroderma cepa (bm.C22), Sclerodermacitrinum (bm.C23), Rhizoplex® (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus aggregatum,Glomus brasilianum, Glomus clarum, Glomus deserticola, Glomusetunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus monosporum, Glomus mosseae,Laccaria bicolor, Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogonamylopogon, Rhizopogon fulvigleba, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogonvillosuli, Scleroderma cepa and Scleroderma citrinum) (bm.C24)(available from Novozymes), Rhizomyco® (Gigaspora margarita, Glomusaggregatum, Glomus clarum, Glomus deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomusintraradices, Glomus monosporum, Glomus mosseae, Laccaria bicolor,Laccaria laccata, Paraglomus brazilianum, Pisolithus tinctorius,Rhizopogon amylopogon, Rhizopogon fulvigleba, Rhizopogon luteolus,Rhizopogon villosuli, Scleroderma cepa and Scleroderma citrinum)(bm.C25) (available from Novozymes), Rhizomyx® (Gigaspora margarita,Glomus aggregatum, Glomus brasilianum, Glomus clarum, Glomusdeserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus infraradices, Glomus monosporum,and Glomus mosseae) (bm.C26) (available from Novozymes), andcombinations thereof.

In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one beneficialmicroorganism selected from (bm.A) to (bm.C); i.e., at least one of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII arecombined with at least one beneficial microorganism (“bm”) selected fromthe group consisting of (bm.A), (bm.B), (bm.C), and combinationsthereof.

In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least one LCO(i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOsrepresented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fiveof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least six of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine ofthe LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least ten of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteenof the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,at least fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least sixteen of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastseventeen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of theLCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII,XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs representedby the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs represented by the structuresI, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leasttwenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs represented by thestructures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV,XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOsrepresented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at leastthirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I,II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-two of the LCOs represented bythe structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI,XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including allthirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least one beneficialmicroorganism (“bm”) selected from (bm.A1) to (bm.C26); i.e., at leastone of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,XXXIII are combined with at least one beneficial microorganism selectedfrom the group consisting of (bm.A1), (bm.A2), (bm.A3), (bm.A4),(bm.A4a), (bm.A5), (bm.A6), (bm.A7), (bm.A8), (bm.A9), (bm.A10),(bm.A11), (bm.A12), (bm.A13), (bm.A14), (bm.A15), (bm.A16), (bm.A17),(bm.A18), (bm.A19), (bm.A20), (bm.A20a) (bm.A20b), (bm.A21), (bm.A22),(bm.A22a) (bm.A22b), (bm.A22c), (bm.A22d), (bm.A22e), (bm.A22f),(bm.A22g), (bm.A22h) (bm.A22i), (bm.A22j), (bm.A22k), (bm.A221),(bm.A22m), (bm.A22n), (bm.A22o), (bm.A22p), (bm.A22q), (bm.A22r),(bm.A22s), (bm.A22t), (bm.A22u), (bm.A22v), (bm.A22w), (bm.A22x),(bm.A22y), (bm.A22z), (bm.A23), (bm.A24), (bm.A25), (bm.A26), (bm.A27),(bm.A28), (bm.A29), (bm.A30), (bm.A31), (bm.A32), (bm.A33), (bm.A34),(bm.A35), (bm.A36), (bm.A37), (bm.A38), (bm.A39), (bm.A40), (bm.A41),(bm.A42), (bm.A43), (bm.A44), (bm.A45), (bm.A46), (bm.A47), (bm.A47a),(bm.A48), (bm.A49), (bm.A50), (bm.A51), (bm.A52), (bm.A53), (bm.A54),(bm.A55), (bm.A56), (bm.A57), (bm.A58), (bm.A59), (bm.A60), (bm.A61),(bm.A62), (bm.A63), (bm.A64), (bm.A65), (bm.A66), (bm.A67), (bm.A68),(bm.A69), (bm.A70), (bm.A71), (bm.A72), (bm.B1), (bm.B2), (bm.B3),(bm.B3a), (bm.B3b), (bm.B3c), (bm.B3d), (bm.B3e), (bm.B3f), (bm.B3g),(bm.B3h), (bm.B3i), (bm.B3j), (bm.B3k), (bm.B31), (bm.B3m), (bm.B3n),(bm.B3o), (bm.B3p), (bm.B3q), (bm.B3r), (bm.B4), (bm.B4a), (bm.B5),(bm.B5a), (bm.B6), (bm.B7), (bm.B8), (bm.B9), (bm.B10), (bm.B10a),(bm.B10b), (bm.B11), (bm.B11a), (bm.B12), (bm.B13), (bm.B14), (bm.B15),(bm.B15a), (bm.B16), (bm.B16a), (bm.B16b), (bm.B17), (bm.B18), (bm.B19),(bm.B20), (bm.B20a), (bm.B21), (bm.B21a), (bm.B22), (bm.B23), (bm.B24),(bm.B25), (bm.B26), (bm.B27), (bm.B28), (bm.B29), (bm.B30), (bm.B30a),(bm.B30b), (bm.B30c), (bm.B30d), (bm.B31), (bm.B31a), (bm.B32),(bm.B33), (bm.B34), (bm.B35), (bm.B36), (bm.B37), (bm.B38), (bm.B38a),(bm.C1), (bm.C2), (bm.C3), (bm.C4), (bm.C5), (bm.C6), (bm.C7), (bm.C8),(bm.C9), (bm.C10), (bm.C11), (bm.C12), (bm.C13), (bm.C14), (bm.C15),(bm.C16), (bm.C17), (bm.C18), (bm.C19), (bm.C20), (bm.C21), (bm.C22),(bm.C23), (bm.C24), (bm.C25), (bm.C26), and combinations thereof.

Additional Agriculturally Beneficial Agents:

The compositions disclosed herein may further comprise at least oneadditional agriculturally beneficial agent. Non-limiting examples ofadditional agriculturally beneficial agents include COs, chitinouscompounds, flavonoids, nod-gene inducing compounds, karrikins, enzymes,nutrients, biostimulants, etc., or combinations thereof.

COs:

Chitooligosaccharides (COs), sometimes referred to asN-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues buthave side chain decorations that make them different from chitinmolecules [(C₈H₁₃NO₅)_(n), CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules[(C₅H₁₁NO₄)_(n), CAS No. 9012-76-4]. See, e.g., D'Haeze et al.,GLYCOBIOL. 12(6):79R (2002); Demont-Caulet et al., PLANT PHYSIOL.120(1):83 (1999); Hanel et al., PLANTA 232:787 (2010); Muller et al.,PLANT PHYSIOL. 124:733 (2000); Robina et al., TETRAHEDRON 58:521-530(2002); Rouge et al., The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates,in ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (Springer Science, Oct.4, 2011); Van der Holst et al., CURR. OPIN. STRUC. BIOL. 11:608 (2001);and Wan et al., PLANT CELL 21:1053 (2009); PCT/F100/00803 (2000).Chitooligosaccharides differ from lipo-chitooligosaccharides in thatthey lack the pendant fatty acid chain.

In some embodiments, compositions of the present invention comprise oneor more COs represented by formula XXXIV:

in which R₁ represents hydrogen or methyl; R₂ represents hydrogen ormethyl; R₃ represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R₄ representshydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R₅ represents hydrogen, acetyl orcarbamoyl; R₆ represents hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl, sulfateester, 3-O—S-2-O-MeFuc, 2-O-MeFuc, and 4-O-AcFuc; R₇ representshydrogen, mannosyl or glycerol; R₈ represents hydrogen, methyl, or—CH₂OH; R₉ represents hydrogen, arabinosyl, or fucosyl; R₁₀ representshydrogen, acetyl or fucosyl; and n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Chitooligosaccharides may be obtained from any suitable source.

In some embodiments, the CO is derived from a naturally occurring ornon-naturally occurring lipo-chitooligosaccharide. For example, in someembodiments, inoculant compositions of the present invention compriseone or more COs derived from an LCO obtained (i.e., isolated and/orpurified) from a naturally occurring or genetically engineered strain ofAzorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium (e.g., B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium,Rhizobium (e.g., R. leguminosarum), Sinorhizobium (e.g., S. meliloti),or mycorhizzal fungus (e.g., Glomus infraradicus). In some embodiments,the CO is derived from an LCO represented by one or more of formulasI-IV and/or structures V-XXXIII. Thus, in some embodiments, compositionsof the present invention may comprise one or more COs represented by oneor more of formulas I-IV and/or structures V-XXXIII except that thependant fatty acid is replaced with a hydrogen or methyl group.

In some embodiments, the CO is synthetic. Methods for the preparation ofrecombinant COs are known in the art. See e.g., Cottaz et al., METH.ENG. 7(4):311 (2005); Samain et al., CARBOHYDRATE RES. 302:35 (1997.);and Samain et al., J. BIOTECHNOL. 72:33 (1999).

Examples of chitooligoosaccharides (and derivatives thereof) that may beuseful in compositions of the present invention are provided below asformula XXXV:

in which n=1 or 2; R₁ represents hydrogen or methyl; and R₂ representshydrogen or SO₃H.

Further examples of chitooligoosaccharides (and derivatives thereof)that may be useful in compositions of the present invention are providedbelow as structures XXXVI-XXXIX:

COs (and derivatives thereof) may be utilized in various forms of purityand may be used alone or in the form of a culture of CO-producingbacteria or fungi. For the purposes of some embodiments, recombinant COssuitable for use are least 60% pure, e.g., at least 60% pure, at least65% pure, at least 70% pure, at least 75% pure, at least 80% pure, atleast 85% pure, at least 90% pure, at least 91% pure, at least 92% pure,at least 93% pure, at least 94% pure, at least 95% pure, at least 96%pure, at least 97% pure, at least 98% pure, at least 99% pure, up to100% pure.

It is to be understood that compositions of the present invention maycomprise hydrates, isomers, salts, and/or solvates of COs.

Thus, in some embodiments, compositions of the present inventioncomprise one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, ormore COs represented by one or more of formulas XXXIV-XXXV and/orstructures XXXVI-XXXIX and/or one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,eight, nine, ten, or more analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers,salts, and/or solvates of COs represented by one or more of formulasXXXIV-XXXV and/or structures XXXVI-XXXIX.

In some embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise about1×10⁻²⁰ M to about 1×10⁻¹M CO. For example, the compositions describedherein may comprise about 1×10⁻²⁰ M, 1×10⁻¹⁹ M, 1×10⁻¹⁸ M, 1×10⁻¹⁷ M,1×10⁻¹⁶ M, 1×10⁻¹⁵ M, 1×10⁻¹⁴ M, 1×10⁻¹³ M, 1×10⁻¹² M, 1×10⁻¹¹ M,1×10⁻¹⁰ M, 1×10⁻⁹ M, 1×10⁻⁸ M, 1×10⁻⁷ M, 1×10⁻⁶ M, 1×10⁻⁵ M, 1×10⁻⁴ M,1×10⁻³ M, 1×10⁻² M, 1×10⁻¹ M of one or more COs. In some preferredembodiments, the CO concentration is 1×10⁻¹⁴ M to 1×10⁻⁵ M, 1×10⁻¹² M to1×10⁻⁶ M, or 1×10⁻¹⁰ M to 1×10⁻⁷ M. In some preferred embodiments, theCO concentration is 1×10⁻¹⁴ M to 1×10⁻⁵ M, 1×10¹² M to 1×10⁻⁶ M, or1×10⁻¹⁰ M to 1×10⁻⁷ M.

Chitinous Compounds:

Chitins and chitosans, which are major components of the cell walls offungi and the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, are also composedof GlcNAc residues. Chitinous compounds include chitin, (IUPAC:N-[5-[[3-acetylamino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2yl]methoxymethyl]-2-[[5-acetylamino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]methoxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-ys]ethanamide),chitosan, (IUPAC:5-amino-6-[5-amino-6-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-2(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol),and isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.

Certain chitins and chitosan compounds may be obtained commercially,e.g., from Sigma-Aldrich, or prepared from insects, crustacean shells,or fungal cell walls. Methods for the preparation of chitin and chitosanare known in the art, and have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat.No. 4,536,207 (preparation from crustacean shells), Pochanavanich, etal., Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 35:17-21 (2002) (preparation from fungalcell walls), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,545 (preparation from crab shellsand hydrolysis of commercial chitosan). Deacetylated chitins andchitosans may be obtained that range from less than 35% to greater than90% deacetylation, and cover a broad spectrum of molecular weights,e.g., low molecular weight chitosan oligomers of less than 15 kD andchitin oligomers of 0.5 to 2 kD; “practical grade” chitosan with amolecular weight of about 15 kD; and high molecular weight chitosan ofup to 70 kD. Certain chitin and chitosan compositions formulated forseed treatment are also commercially available. Commercial productsinclude, for example, ELEXA® (Plant Defense Boosters, Inc.) and BEYOND™(Agrihouse, Inc.).

Flavonoids:

Flavonoids are phenolic compounds having the general structure of twoaromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge. Flavonoids areproduced by plants and have many functions, e.g., as beneficialsignaling molecules, and as protection against insects, animals, fungiand bacteria. Classes of flavonoids include are known in the art. See,Jain, et al., J. Plant Biochem. & Biotechnol. 11:1-10 (2002); Shaw, etal., Environmental Microbiol. 11:1867-80 (2006). Flavonoid compounds arecommercially available, e.g., from Novozymes BioAg, Saskatoon, Canada;Natland International Corp., Research Triangle Park, N.C.; MPBiomedicals, Irvine, Calif.; LC Laboratories, Woburn Mass. Flavonoidcompounds may be isolated from plants or seeds, e.g., as described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,702,752; 5,990,291; and 6,146,668. Flavonoid compoundsmay also be produced by genetically engineered organisms, such as yeast,as described in Ralston, et al., Plant Physiology 137:1375-88 (2005).Flavonoid compounds are intended to include all flavonoid compounds aswell as isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.

The at least one flavonoid may be a natural flavonoid (i.e., notsynthetically produced), a synthetic flavonoid (e.g., a chemicallysynthesized flavonoid) or a combination thereof. In a particularembodiment, the compositions described herein may further comprise aflavanol, a flavone, an anthocyanidin, an isoflavonoid, a neoflavonoidand combinations thereof, including all isomer, solvate, hydrate,polymorphic, crystalline form, non-crystalline form, and salt variationsthereof.

In an embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise atleast one flavanol. In still another embodiment, the compositionsdescribed herein may comprise at least one flavanol selected from thegroup consisting of flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin (C), gallocatechin(GC), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), gallcatechin 3-gallate (GCg),epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg),epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), etc.), flavan-4-ols, flavan-3,4-diols(e.g., leucoanthocyanidin), proanthocyanidins (e.g., includes dimers,trimer, oligomers, or polymers of flavanols), and combinations thereof.In still yet another embodiment, the compositions described herein maycomprise at least one flavanol selected from the group consisting ofcatechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), gallcatechin3-gallate (GCg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) epicatechin3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), flavan-4-ol,leucoanthocyanidin, and dimers, trimers, oligomers or polymers thereof.

In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise atleast one flavone. In still another embodiment, the compositionsdescribed herein may comprise at least one flavone selected from thegroup consisting of flavones (e.g., luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin,etc.), flavonols (e.g., quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, kaempferol,kaempferitrin, astragalin, sophoraflavonoloside, myricetin, fisetin,isorhamnetin, pachypodol, rhamnazin, etc.), flavanones (e.g. hesperetin,hesperidin, naringenin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, etc.), andflavanonols (e.g., dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, etc.). In stillyet another embodiment, the compositions described herein may compriseat least one flavone selected from the group consisting of luteolin,apigenin, tangeritin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, kaempferol,kaempferitrin, astragalin, sophoraflavonoloside, myricetin, fisetin,isorhamnetin, pachypodol, rhamnazin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin,eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, andcombinations thereof.

In still another embodiment, the compositions described herein maycomprise at least one anthocyanidin. In yet another embodiment, thecompositions described herein may comprise at least one anthocyanidinselected from the group consisting of cyanidins, delphinidins,malvidins, pelargonidins, peonidins, petunidins, and combinationsthereof.

In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise atleast one isoflavonoid. In still yet another embodiment, thecompositions described herein comprise at least one isoflavonoidselected from the group consisting of phytoestrogens, isoflavones (e.g.,genistein, daidzein, glycitein, etc.), and isoflavanes (e.g., equol,lonchocarpane, laxiflorane, etc.), and combinations thereof. In yetanother embodiment the compositions described herein may comprise atleast one isoflavonoid selected from the group consisting of genistein,daidzein, glycitein, equol, lonchocarpane, laxiflorane, and combinationsthereof.

In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise atleast one neoflavonoid. In yet another embodiment, the compositionsdescribed herein may comprise at least one neoflavonoid selected fromthe group consisting of neoflavones (e.g., calophyllolide), neoflavenes(e.g., dalbergichromene), coutareagenins, dalbergins, nivetins, andcombinations thereof. In still yet another embodiment, the compositionsdescribed herein may comprise at least one neoflavonoid selected fromthe group consisting of calophyllolide, dalbergichromene, coutareagenin,dalbergin, nivetin, and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may compriseone or flavonoids selected from the group consisting of catechin (C),gallocatechin (GC), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), gallcatechin 3-gallate(GCg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate(ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), flavan-4-ol,leucoanthocyanidin, proanthocyanidins, luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin,quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, kaempferol, kaempferitrin, astragalin,sophoraflavonoloside, myricetin, fisetin, isorhamnetin, pachypodol,rhamnazin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, eriodictyol,homoeriodictyol, dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, cyanidins,delphinidins, malvidins, pelargonidins, peonidins, petunidins,genistein, daidzein, glycitein, equol, lonchocarpane, laxiflorane,calophyllolide, dalbergichromene, coutareagenin, dalbergin, nivetin, andcombinations thereof. In still another embodiment, the compositionsdescribed herein may comprise at least one flavonoid selected from thegroup consisting of hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, genistein,daidzein, and combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, thecomposition described herein may comprise the flavonoid hesperetin. Inanother particular embodiment, the composition described herein maycomprise the flavonoid hesperidin. In still another particularembodiment, the composition described herein may comprise the flavonoidnaringenin. In still yet another particular embodiment, the compositiondescribed herein may comprise the flavonoid genistein. In yet stillanother particular embodiment, the composition described herein maycomprise the flavonoid daidzein.

Non-Flavonoid Nod-Gene Inducer(s):

Jasmonic acid (JA, [1R-[1α,2β(Z)]]-3-oxo-2-(pentenyl)cyclopentaneaceticacid) and its derivatives, linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoicacid) and its derivatives, and linolenic acid((Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid) and its derivatives, may also beused in the compositions described herein. Non-flavonoid nod-geneinducers are intended to include not only the non-flavonoid nod-geneinducers described herein, but isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.

Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA),collectively known as jasmonates, are octadecanoid-based compounds thatoccur naturally in plants. Jasmonic acid is produced by the roots ofwheat seedlings, and by fungal microorganisms such as Botryodiplodiatheobromae and Gibberella fujikuroi, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae),and pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Linoleicacid and linolenic acid are produced in the course of the biosynthesisof jasmonic acid. Jasmonates, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (andtheir derivatives) are reported to be inducers of nod gene expression orLCO production by rhizobacteria. See, e.g., Mabood, Fazli, Jasmonatesinduce the expression of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, May 17,2001; and Mabood, Fazli, “Linoleic and linolenic acid induce theexpression of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum,” USDA 3, May 17,2001.

Useful derivatives of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and jasmonic acidthat may be useful in compositions of the present disclosure includeesters, amides, glycosides and salts. Representative esters arecompounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid,or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group, where R is an —OR¹group, in which R¹ is: an alkyl group, such as a C₁-C₈ unbranched orbranched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenylgroup, such as a C₂-C₈ unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynylgroup, such as a C₂-C₈ unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an arylgroup having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl grouphaving, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in theheteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S. Representativeamides are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid,linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group,where R is an NR²R³ group, in which R² and R³ are independently:hydrogen; an alkyl group, such as a C₁-C₈ unbranched or branched alkylgroup, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such asa C₂-C₈ unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such asa C₂-C₈ unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, forexample, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, forexample, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in the heteroarylgroup can be, for example, N, O, P, or S. Esters may be prepared byknown methods, such as acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition, wherein thecarboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of acatalytic amount of a mineral acid. Amides may also be prepared by knownmethods, such as by reacting the carboxylic acid with the appropriateamine in the presence of a coupling agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), under neutral conditions. Suitable salts of linoleicacid, linolenic acid, and jasmonic acid include e.g., base additionsalts. The bases that may be used as reagents to prepare metabolicallyacceptable base salts of these compounds include those derived fromcations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) andalkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium). These saltsmay be readily prepared by mixing together a solution of linoleic acid,linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid with a solution of the base. The saltmay be precipitated from solution and be collected by filtration or maybe recovered by other means such as by evaporation of the solvent.

Karrikin(s):

Karrikins are vinylogous 4H-pyrones e.g., 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-onesincluding derivatives and analogues thereof. It is intended that thekarrikins include isomers, salts, and solvates thereof. Examples ofthese compounds are represented by the following structure:

in which; Z is O, S or NR₅; R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ are each independently H,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, benzyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy,phenyloxy, benzyloxy, CN, COR₆, COOR═, halogen, NR₆R₇, or NO₂; and R₅,R₆, and R₇ are each independently H, alkyl or alkenyl, or a biologicallyacceptable salt thereof. Examples of biologically acceptable salts ofthese compounds may include acid addition salts formed with biologicallyacceptable acids, examples of which include hydrochloride, hydrobromide,sulphate or bisulphate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate,benzoate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate,gluconate; methanesulphonate, benzenesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonicacid. Additional biologically acceptable metal salts may include alkalimetal salts, with bases, examples of which include the sodium andpotassium salts. Examples of compounds embraced by the structure andwhich may be suitable for use in the present disclosure include thefollowing: 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁=CH₃, R₂, R₃,R₄=H), 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁, R₂, R₃, R⁴=¹⁴),7-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁, R₂, R₄=H, R₃=CH₃),5-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁, R₂, R₃=H, R₄=CH₃),3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁, R₃=CH₃, R₂, R₄=H),3,5-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁, R₄=CH₃, R₂, R₃=H),3,5,7-trimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁, R₃, R₄=CH₃, R₂=H),5-methoxymethyl-3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R₁=CH₃, R₂,R₃=H, R₄=CH₂OCH₃), 4-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (whereR₁, R₃=CH₃, R₂=Br, R₄=H), 3-methylfuro[2,3-c]pyridin-2(3H)-one (whereZ=NH, R₁=CH₃, R₂, R₃, R₄=H), 3,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-c]pyridin-2(6H)-one(where Z=N—CH₃, R₁=CH₃, R₂, R₃, R₄=H). See, U.S. Pat. No. 7,576,213.These molecules are also known as karrikins. See, Halford, “SmokeSignals,” in Chem. Eng. News (Apr. 12, 2010), at pages 37-38 (reportingthat karrikins or butenolides which are contained in smoke act as growthstimulants and spur seed germination after a forest fire, and caninvigorate seeds such as corn, tomatoes, lettuce and onions that hadbeen stored). These molecules are the subject of U.S. Pat. No.7,576,213.

Nutrient(s):

In still another embodiment, the compositions described herein mayfurther comprise at least one beneficial nutrient. Non-limiting examplesof nutrients for use in the compositions described herein includevitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin B₁, vitaminB₂, vitamin B₃, vitamin B₅, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₇, vitamin B₈, vitaminB₉, vitamin B₁₂, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K,carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene,zeaxanthin, etc.), macrominerals (e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium,potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt,chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese,molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), organic acids (e.g., acetic acid,citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.), and combinationsthereof. In a particular embodiment, the compositions may comprisephosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zincor combinations thereof.

Gluconolactones:

In at least one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein maycomprise at least one gluconolactone. Alternatively, the at least onegluconolactone may be applied either simultaneously or appliedsequentially, with the compositions disclosed herein. The at least onegluconolactone may be a natural gluconolactones (i.e., not syntheticallyproduced), a synthetic glutathione (e.g., a chemically synthesizedgluconolactones) or a combination thereof. The at least onegluconolactone may also be in any form (e.g., oxidized, reduced, or acombination of oxidized and reduced species).

In one embodiment, the at least one gluconolactone has the molecularformula C6H1006 and a molar mass of about 178.14 g mol⁻¹. In anotherembodiment, the at least one gluconolactone may comprise gluconolactoneshaving the structure:

and isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.

Glutathiones:

In at least one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein maycomprise at least one glutathione. Alternatively, the at least oneglutathione may be applied either simultaneously or appliedsequentially, with the compositions disclosed herein. The at least oneglutathione may be a natural glutathione (i.e., not syntheticallyproduced), a synthetic glutathione (e.g., a chemically synthesizedglutathione) or a combination thereof. The at least one glutathione mayalso be in any form (e.g., oxidized, reduced, or a combination ofoxidized and reduced species).

In one embodiment, the at least one glutathione has the molecularformula C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S and a molar mass of about 307.32 g mol⁻¹. In anotherembodiment, the at least one glutathione may comprise glutathioneshaving the structure:

and isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.

Biostimulant(s):

In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may furthercomprise at least one biostimulant Biostimulants may enhance metabolicor physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nucleicacid uptake, ion uptake, nutrient delivery, or a combination thereof.Non-limiting examples of biostimulants include seaweed extracts (e.g.,Ascophyllum nodosum), humic acids (e.g., potassium humate), fulvicacids, myo-inositol, glycine, and combinations thereof. In anotherembodiment, the compositions comprise seaweed extracts, humic acids,fulvic acids, myo-inositol, glycine, and combinations thereof.

Formulations

The compositions disclosed herein may be formulated for variousagricultural applications (e.g., seed coating formulations, foliarapplications, in-furrow applications, drench applications, etc.). Thecompositions described herein may be formulated with at least oneadditional agricultural excipient to achieve a particular purpose (e.g.,to coat seeds, for foliar applications, for dilution, etc.).

Additional Agricultural Excipients:

Formulations of compositions disclosed herein may further comprise atleast one additional agricultural excipient. Non-limiting examples ofagriculturally excipients include carriers (e.g., agronomicallyacceptable carriers), polymers, wetting agents, surfactants,anti-freezing agents, and combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, the formulations described herein comprise at leastone LCO compound, at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selectedfrom the group consisting of at least one pesticide, at least onebeneficial microorganism, at least one additional agriculturalexcipient, and combinations thereof. In a more particular embodiment,the formulations comprise at least one LCO compound, at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of atleast one fungicides, at least one herbicide, at least one insecticide,at least one acaricide, at least one nematicide, at least one beneficialmicroorganism, at least one additional agricultural excipient, andcombinations thereof and.

Carriers:

In certain embodiments, formulations may further comprise a carrier. Thecarriers described herein will allow the at least one agriculturallybeneficial agent to remain efficacious (e.g., capable of increasingplant growth). Non-limiting examples of carriers described hereininclude liquids, gels, slurries, or solids (including wettable powdersor dry powders). The selection of the carrier material will depend onthe intended application. The carrier may, for example, be asoil-compatible carrier, a seed-compatible carrier, and/or afoliar-compatible carrier.

In one embodiment, the carrier is a liquid carrier. Non-limitingexamples of liquids useful as carriers for the compositions disclosedherein include water, an organic solvent, an aqueous solution, or anon-aqueous solution. In an embodiment the carrier is an organicsolvent. In another embodiment the carrier is an aqueous solution. Inanother embodiment, the carrier is a non-aqueous solution. In aparticular embodiment the carrier is water.

If a liquid carrier is used, the liquid carrier may further includegrowth media to culture beneficial microorganisms used in thecompositions described. Non-limiting examples of suitable growth mediafor microbial strains include YEM media, mannitol yeast extract,glycerol yeast extract, Czapek-Dox medium, potato dextrose broth, or anymedia known to those skilled in the art to be compatible with, and/orprovide growth nutrients to microbial strain which may be included tothe compositions described herein.

Polymer(s):

In one embodiment, formulations of the compositions described herein mayfurther comprise at least one polymer. Non-limiting uses of polymers inthe agricultural industry include agrochemical delivery, heavy metalremoval, water retention and/or water delivery, and combinationsthereof. Pouci, et al., Am. J. Agri. & Biol. Sci., 3(1):299-314 (2008).In one embodiment, the at least one polymer is a natural polymer (e.g.,agar, starch, alginate, pectin, cellulose, etc.), a synthetic polymer, abiodegradable polymer (e.g., polycaprolactone, polylactide, poly (vinylalcohol), etc.), or a combination thereof.

For a non-limiting list of polymers useful for formulations of thecompositions described herein, see Pouci, et al., Am. J. Agri. & Biol.Sci., 3(1):299-314 (2008). In one embodiment, formulations of thecompositions described herein comprise cellulose, cellulose derivatives,methylcellulose, methylcellulose derivatives, starch, agar, alginate,pectin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and combinations thereof.

Wetting Agent(s):

In one embodiment, formulations of the compositions described herein mayfurther comprise at least one wetting agent. Wetting agents are commonlyused on soils, particularly hydrophobic soils, to improve theinfiltration and/or penetration of water into a soil. The wetting agentmay be an adjuvant, oil, surfactant, buffer, acidifier, or combinationthereof. In an embodiment, the wetting agent is a surfactant.Surfactants suitable as wetting agents for formulating the compositionsdescribed herein are provided in the “Surfactants” section.

Surfactant(s):

Surfactants suitable for formulations of the compositions describedherein may be non-ionic surfactants (e.g., semi-polar and/or anionicand/or cationic and/or zwitterionic). The surfactants can wet andemulsify soil(s) and/or dirt(s). It is envisioned that the surfactantsused for formulating the compositions described herein have low toxicityfor any microorganisms contained within the formulation. It is furtherenvisioned that the surfactants used for formulating the compositionsdescribed herein have a low phytotoxicity (i.e., the degree of toxicitya substance or combination of substances has on a plant). A singlesurfactant or a blend of several surfactants can be used.

Anionic Surfactants

Anionic surfactants or mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants mayalso be used in the compositions. Anionic surfactants are surfactantshaving a hydrophilic moiety in an anionic or negatively charged state inaqueous solution. The formulations of the compositions described hereinmay comprise at least one anionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant(s)may be either water soluble anionic surfactants, water insoluble anionicsurfactants, or a combination of water soluble anionic surfactants andwater insoluble anionic surfactants. Non-limiting examples of anionicsurfactants include sulfonic acids, sulfuric acid esters, carboxylicacids, and salts thereof. Non-limiting examples of water soluble anionicsurfactants include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl amidoether sulfates, alkyl aryl polyether sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates,alkyl aryl sulfonates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylamide sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, benzene sulfonates, toluenesulfonates, xylene sulfonates, cumene sulfonates, alkyl benzenesulfonates, alkyl diphenyloxide sulfonate, alpha-olefin sulfonates,alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates,alkyl sulfosuccinates, ethoxylated sulfosuccinates, alkyl ethersulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfosuccinamate,alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl phosphates, phosphate ester, alkyl etherphosphates, acyl sarconsinates, acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates,N-acyl-N-alkyltaurates, alkyl carboxylates, or a combination thereof.

Nonionic Surfactants

Nonionic surfactants are surfactants having no electrical charge whendissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium. In at least one embodimentof the formulations of compositions herein, at least one nonionicsurfactant may be used to provide the desired wetting and emulsificationactions and do not significantly inhibit spore stability and activity.The nonionic surfactant(s) may be either water soluble nonionicsurfactants, water insoluble nonionic surfactants, or a combination ofwater soluble nonionic surfactants and water insoluble nonionicsurfactants.

Water Insoluble Nonionic Surfactants

Non-limiting examples of water insoluble nonionic surfactants includealkyl and aryl: glycerol ethers, glycol ethers, ethanolamides,sulfoanylamides, alcohols, amides, alcohol ethoxylates, glycerol esters,glycol esters, ethoxylates of glycerol ester and glycol esters,sugar-based alkyl polyglycosides, polyoxyethylenated fatty acids,alkanolamine condensates, alkanolamides, tertiary acetylenic glycols,polyoxyethylenated mercaptans, carboxylic acid esters,polyoxyethylenated polyoxyproylene glycols, sorbitan fatty esters, orcombinations thereof. Also included are EO/PO block copolymers (EO isethylene oxide, PO is propylene oxide), EO polymers and copolymers,polyamines, and polyvinylpynolidones.

Water Soluble Nonionic Surfactants

Non-limiting examples of water soluble nonionic surfactants includesorbitan fatty acid alcohol ethoxylates and sorbitan fatty acid esterethoxylates.

Combination of Nonionic Surfactants

In one embodiment formulations of the compositions described hereincomprise at least at least one nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment,the compositions comprise at least one water insoluble nonionicsurfactant and at least one water soluble nonionic surfactant. In stillanother embodiment, formulations of the compositions described hereincomprise a combination of nonionic surfactants having hydrocarbon chainsof substantially the same length.

Other Surfactants

In another embodiment, formulations of the compositions described hereinmay also comprise organosilicone surfactants, silicone-based antifoamsused as surfactants in silicone-based and mineral-oil based antifoams.In yet another embodiment, formulations of the compositions describedherein may also comprise alkali metal salts of fatty acids (e.g., watersoluble alkali metal salts of fatty acids and/or water insoluble alkalimetal salts of fatty acids).

Anti-Freezing Agent(s):

In one embodiment, formulations of the compositions described herein mayfurther comprise at least one anti-freezing agent. Non-limiting examplesof anti-freezing agents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea,glycerin, and combinations thereof.

Packages/Kits

In another aspect packages comprising the compositions and formulationsdisclosed herein are disclosed. In an embodiment, the package comprisesa first container and at least a second container. The first containercomprises at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO), and asnecessary, formulated with suitable agricultural excipients(agronomically acceptable carriers, polymers, wetting agents,surfactants, anti-freezing agents, etc.). The at least second containercomprises at least one agriculturally beneficial ingredient, and asnecessary, formulated with suitable agricultural excipients(agronomically acceptable carriers, polymers, wetting agents,surfactants, anti-freezing agents, etc.). The contents present in thefirst and second containers respectively, are present in an amounteffective to enhance plant growth.

In particular embodiments, the second container comprises at least oneagriculturally beneficial ingredient selected from the group consistingof fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides,beneficial microorganisms, and combinations thereof. In a particularembodiment, the second container comprises at least one fungicide. Inanother embodiment, the second container comprises at least oneherbicide. In another embodiment, the second container comprises atleast one insecticide. In another embodiment, the second containercomprises at least one acaricide. In another embodiment, the secondcontainer comprises at least one nematicide. In another embodiment, thesecond container comprises at least one beneficial microorganism.

In some embodiments, the package may comprise additional containers.That is, the package may include more than two containers (i.e., threecontainers, four containers, five containers, six containers, sevencontainers, eight containers, nine containers, ten containers, etc.)wherein the additional containers may include any agriculturallybeneficial ingredient or agricultural excipient (e.g., for formulatingthe contents of the packages, etc.) described herein.

Methods

In another aspect, methods of using the compositions to increase and/orenhance plant growth are disclosed. The method includes enhancing thegrowth of a plant or plant part comprising contacting a plant or plantpart with at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), asdescribed herein, and at least one agriculturally beneficial ingredient.In a particular embodiment, the method includes enhancing the growth ofa plant or plant part comprising contacting a plant or plant part withat least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), as describedherein, and at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selected fromthe group consisting of at least one pesticide (e.g., fungicides,herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, etc.), at least onebeneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof.

The contacting step can be performed by any method known in the art(including both foliar and non-foliar applications). Non-limitingexamples of contacting the plant or plant part include spraying a plantor plant part, drenching a plant or plant part, dripping on a plant orplant part, dusting a plant or plant part, and/or coating a seed. In oneembodiment, the contacting step is repeated (e.g., more than once, as inthe contacting step is repeated twice, three times, four times, fivetimes, six times, seven times, eight times, nine times, ten times,etc.).

The amount of the at least one LCO effective to enhance plant growthaccording to the methods described herein, when expressed in units ofconcentration, generally ranges from about 10⁻⁵ to about 10⁻¹⁴ M (molarconcentration), and in some embodiments, from about 10⁻⁵ to about10⁻¹¹M, and in some other embodiments from about 10⁻⁷ to about 10⁻⁸ M.Expressed in units of weight, the effective amount generally ranges fromabout 1 to about 400 μg/hundred weight (cwt) seed, and in someembodiments from about 2 to about 70 μg/cwt, and in some otherembodiments, from about 2.5 to about 3.0 μg/cwt seed.

For purposes of contacting a plant or plant part indirectly (e.g.,in-furrow treatment), the effective amount of the at least one LCOgenerally ranges from 1 μg/acre to about 70 μg/acre, and in someembodiments, from about 50 μg/acre to about 60 μg/acre. For purposes ofcontacting a plant or plant part directly (e.g., foliar application),the effective amount of the at least one LCO generally ranges from 1μg/acre to about 30 μg/acre, and in some embodiments, from about 11μg/acre to about 20 μg/acre.

In particular embodiments, the contacting step includes contacting aplant or plant part with at least one of the compositions describedherein. For example, the contacting step may comprise contacting a plantor plant part with an effective amount of at least one of thecompositions described herein.

In another aspect, the method comprises contacting the plant or plantpart with at least one LCO, as described herein, before, after, and/orsimultaneously with at least one agriculturally beneficial agent.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting the plant orplant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, before, after,and/or simultaneously with at least one pesticide.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting the plant orplant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, before, after,and/or simultaneously with at least one beneficial microorganism.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting the plant orplant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at leastone fungicide contacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, themethod comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least oneLCO, as described herein, before at least one herbicide contacts theplant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises contactingthe plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,before at least one insecticide contacts the plant or plant part. In anembodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part withat least one LCO, as described herein, before at least one acaricidecontacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprisescontacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as describedherein, before at least one nematicide contacts the plant or plant part.In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plantpart with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least onebeneficial microorganisms contact the plant or plant part. In anembodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part withat least one LCO, as described herein, before at least one fungicide,herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, beneficial microorganism,and combinations thereof contact the plant or plant part.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting the plant orplant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, after at leastone fungicide contacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, themethod comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least oneLCO, as described herein, after at least one herbicide contacts theplant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises contactingthe plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,after at least one insecticide contacts the plant or plant part. In anembodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part withat least one LCO, as described herein, after at least one acaricidecontacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprisescontacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as describedherein, after at least one nematicide contacts the plant or plant part.In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plantpart with at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least onebeneficial microorganism contact the plant or plant part. In anembodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part withat least one LCO, as described herein, after at least one fungicide,herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, beneficial microorganism,and combinations thereof contact the plant or plant part.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting the plant orplant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneouslywith at least one fungicide. In an embodiment, the method comprisescontacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as describedherein, simultaneously with at least one herbicide. In an embodiment,the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at leastone LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least oneinsecticide. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the plantor plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneouslywith at least one acaricide. In an embodiment, the method comprisescontacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as describedherein, simultaneously with at least one nematicide. In an embodiment,the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at leastone LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least onebeneficial microorganism. In an embodiment, the method comprisescontacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as describedherein, simultaneously with at least one fungicide, herbicide,insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, beneficial microorganism, andcombinations thereof.

In another aspect, a method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plantpart is described comprising treating a soil with at least onelipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), as described herein, and atleast one agriculturally beneficial ingredient and growing a plant orplant part in the soil. In a particular embodiment, the method includesenhancing the growth of a plant or plant part comprising treating a soilwith at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), asdescribed herein, and at least one agriculturally beneficial agentsselected from the group consisting of at least one pesticide (e.g.,fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, etc.), atleast one beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof, andgrowing a plant or plant in the soil.

The treating step can be performed by any method known in the art(including both foliar and non-foliar applications). Non-limitingexamples of treating the soil include spraying the soil, drenching thesoil, dripping onto the soil, and/or dusting the soil. In oneembodiment, the treating step is repeated (e.g., more than once, as inthe treating step is repeated twice, three times, four times, fivetimes, six times, seven times, eight times, nine times, ten times,etc.).

In a particular embodiment, the treating includes contacting a soil withat least one of the compositions described herein. In one embodiment,the treating step comprises contacting a soil with an effective amountof at least one of the compositions described herein.

In another aspect, the method comprises treating a soil with at leastone LCO, as described herein, before, after, or simultaneously with atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent.

In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least oneLCO, as described herein, before the at least one agriculturallybeneficial agent contacts the soil.

In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least oneLCO, as described herein, before the at least one pesticide contacts thesoil.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises treating a soil with atleast one LCO, as described herein, before at least one fungicidecontacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating asoil with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least oneherbicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprisestreating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, before atleast one insecticide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the methodcomprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein,before at least one acaricide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, themethod comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as describedherein, before at least one nematicide contacts the soil. In anembodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO,as described herein, before at least one beneficial microorganismscontact the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soilwith at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least onefungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, beneficialmicroorganism, and combinations thereof contact the soil.

In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least oneLCO, as described herein, after the at least one agriculturallybeneficial agent contacts the soil.

In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least oneLCO, as described herein, after the at least one pesticide contacts thesoil.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises treating a soil with atleast one LCO, as described herein, after at least one fungicidecontacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating asoil with at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least oneherbicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprisestreating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, after atleast one insecticide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the methodcomprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein,after at least one acaricide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, themethod comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as describedherein, after at least one nematicide contacts the soil. In anembodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO,as described herein, after at least one beneficial microorganismscontact the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soilwith at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least onefungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, beneficialmicroorganism, and combinations thereof contact the soil.

In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least oneLCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent.

In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least oneLCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least one pesticide.

In particular embodiments, the method comprises treating a soil with atleast one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least onefungicide. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil withat least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least oneherbicide. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil withat least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least oneinsecticide. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil withat least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least oneacaricide. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil withat least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least onenematicide. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil withat least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least onebeneficial microorganism. In an embodiment, the method comprisestreating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein,simultaneously with at least one fungicide, herbicide, insecticide,acaricide, nematicide, beneficial microorganism, and combinationsthereof.

In a particular aspect, the method comprises treating a soil with atleast one LCO described herein before the at least one fungicide,herbicide, pesticide, or beneficial microorganism contacts the soil.

Further still, and according to the method described, the soil treatmentcan occur at any time during the growth of the plant or plant part. Inone embodiment, the treating step occurs before the plant or plant partbegins to grow. In another embodiment, the treating step occurs afterthe plant or plant part has started to grow.

It is understood that planting a plant can occur before, after, orduring the soil treatment. In one embodiment, planting occurs before thesoil is treated. In another embodiment, planting step occurs during soiltreatment (e.g., the planting step occurs simultaneously with thetreating step, the planting step occurs substantially simultaneous withthe treating step, etc.). In still another embodiment, planting stepoccurs after the soil is treated.

The methods of the present disclosure are applicable to both leguminousand non-leguminous plants or plant parts. In a particular embodiment theplants or plant parts are selected from the group consisting of alfalfa,rice, wheat, barley, lye, oat, cotton, canola, sunflower, peanut, corn,potato, sweet potato, bean, pea, chickpeas, lentil, chicory, lettuce,endive, cabbage, brussel sprout, beet, parsnip, turnip, cauliflower,broccoli, turnip, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, eggplant, pepper,celery, carrot, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, apple, pear, melon,citrus, strawberry, grape, raspberry, pineapple, soybean, tobacco,tomato, sorghum, and sugarcane.

Seed Coatings

In another aspect, seeds are coated with at least one of thecompositions described herein.

In one embodiment, seeds may be treated with composition(s) describedherein in several ways but in one embodiment via spraying or dripping.Spray and drip treatment may be conducted by formulating compositionsdescribed herein and spraying or dripping the composition(s) onto aseed(s) via a continuous treating system (which is calibrated to applytreatment at a predefined rate in proportion to the continuous flow ofseed), such as a drum-type of treater. Batch systems, in which apredetermined batch size of seed and composition(s) as described hereinare delivered into a mixer, may also be employed. Systems and apparatifor performing these processes are commercially available from numeroussuppliers, e.g., Bayer CropScience (Gustafson).

In another embodiment, the treatment entails coating seeds. One suchprocess involves coating the inside wall of a round container with thecomposition(s) described herein, adding seeds, then rotating thecontainer to cause the seeds to contact the wall and the composition(s),a process known in the art as “container coating”. Seeds can be coatedby combinations of coating methods. Soaking typically entails usingliquid forms of the compositions described. For example, seeds can besoaked for about 1 minute to about 24 hours (e.g., for at least 1 min, 5min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 45 min, 60 min, 75 min, 80min, 90 min, 120 min, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, etc.).

Compositions and methods of the present invention are useful forenhancing numerous aspects of plant growth and development.

In particular embodiments, compositions and methods of present inventionmay be used to enhance the biomass, height, leaf length, leaf mass, leafnumber, leaf surface area, leaf volume, nutrient uptake, root area, rootdiameter, root length, root mass, root nodulation, root number, rootsurface area, root volume, seed germination, seedling emergence, shootdiameter, shoot length, shoot mass, shoot number, shoot surface area,shoot volume, spread, and/or survival rate of a plant or plant part.

In particular embodiments, compositions and methods of present inventionmay be used to synergistically enhance the biomass, height, leaf length,leaf mass, leaf number, leaf surface area, leaf volume, nutrient uptake,root area, root diameter, root length, root mass, root nodulation, rootnumber, root surface area, root volume, seed germination, seedlingemergence, shoot diameter, shoot length, shoot mass, shoot number, shootsurface area, shoot volume, spread, and/or survival rate of a plant orplant part.

Embodiments of the present invention are described in the followingnumbered paragraphs:

1. A composition comprising at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO)and at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the groupconsisting of pesticides, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, andcombinations thereof.

2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at least one LCOcomprises one or more LCOs represented by the structure (I):

in which G is selected from the group consisting of hexosamine,acetyl-substituted hexosamine, sulfated-substituted hexosamine, andether-substituted hexosamine; R₁, R₂, R₃, R₅, R₆ and R₇, which areidentical or different, are selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃CO—, C_(x)H_(y)CO—, a carbamoyl, and a carbamic acid, wherein x is aninteger between 0 and 17, and y is an integer between 1 and 35; R₄ isselected from the group consisting of a saturated, monounsaturated,diunsaturated or triunsaturated aliphatic chain containing at least 12carbon atoms; and n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4.

3. The composition of paragraph 2, wherein G representsN-acetyl-D-glucosamine or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulphate.

4. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein the at leastone LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the structure (II):

in which R is H or CH₃CO—; and n is equal to 2 or 3.

5. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein the at leastone LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the structure (III):

in which R₁ is selected from the group consisting of C14:0, 3OH—C14:0,iso-C15:0, C16:0, 3-OH—C16:0, iso-C15:0, C16:1, C16:2, C16:3, iso-C17:0,iso-C17:1, C18:0, 3OH—C18:0, C18:0/3-OH, C18:1, OH—C18:1, C18:2, C18:3,C18:4, C19:1 carbamoyl, C20:0, C20:1, 3-OH—C20:1, C20:1/3-OH, C20:2,C20:3, C22:1, and C18-26(ω-1)-OH (including the C18, C20, C22, C24 andC26 hydroxylated species thereof, and C16:149, C16:2 (A7,9) and C16:3(A7,4,9)); R₂ hydrogen or methyl; R₃ is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R₄ hydrogen, acetyl orcarbamoyl; R₅ represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R₆ is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl,sulfate ester, SO₃H, 3-O—S-2-O-MeFuc, 2-O-MeFuc, and 4-O-AcFuc; R₇ isselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, mannosyl or glycerol; R₈is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, or —CH₂OH; R₉is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, arabinosyl, orfucosyl; R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acetylor fucosyl; and n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.

6. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein the at leastone LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the structure (IV):

in which R₁ is selected from the group consisting of C16, C16:0, C16:1,C16:2, C18:0, C18:149Z or C18:1411Z; R₂ represents hydrogen or SO₃H; andn is equal to 1 or 2.

7. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein the at leastone LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (V):

8. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 7, wherein the at leastone LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (VI):

9. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein the at leastone LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (VII):

10. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (VIII):

11. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 10, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (IX):

12. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 11, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (X):

13. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 12, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XI):

14. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 13, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XII):

15. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 14, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XIII):

16. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 15, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XIV):

17. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 16, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XV):

18. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 17, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XVI):

19. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 18, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XVII):

20. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 19, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XVIII):

21. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 20, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XIX):

22. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 21, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XX):

23. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 22, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXI):

24. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 23, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXII):

25. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 24, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXIII):

26. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 25, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXIV):

27. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXV):

28. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 26, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXVI):

29. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 28, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXVII):

30. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 29, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXVIII):

31. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 30, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXIX):

32. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 31, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXX):

33. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 32, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXXI):

34. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 33, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXXII):

35. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 34, wherein the atleast one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure (XXXIII):

36. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at least one LCOcompound comprises at least one synthetic LCO.

37. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at least one LCOcomprises at least one recombinant LCO.

38. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least onerecombinant LCO has a purity of at least 60%.

39. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least onerecombinant LCO has a purity of at least 70%.

40. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least onerecombinant LCO has a purity of at least 80%.

41. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least onerecombinant LCO has a purity of at least 90%.

42. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 41, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises one or morefungicides, optionally one or more biological fungicides and/or one ormore chemical fungicides.

43. The composition of paragraph 42, wherein the one or more fungicidescomprises one or more strains of Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillusflavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sp., isolateAQ175, ATCC 55608, Bacillus sp., isolate AQ177, ATCC 55609, Bacillussubtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Candidaoleophila, Candida saitoana, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata,Gliocladium catenulatum isolate J1446, Coniothyrium minitans,Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Fusarium oxysporum,Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, Muscodor albus, Muscodorroseus, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pythium oligandrum,Talaromyces flavus, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma afroviride,Trichoderma harzianum, a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum andTrichoderma viride, a mixture of Trichoderma polysporum and Trichodermaharzianum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Trichoderma virens, a mixture ofTrichoderma virens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride,Streptomyces sp. isolate NRRL No. B-30145, Streptomyces sp. isolateM1064, Streptomyces galbus, Streptomyces violaceusniger, StreptomycesWYE 53, and/or Ulocladium oudemansii. 44. The composition of any one ofparagraphs 42 to 43, wherein the one or more fungicides comprisesBacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolateNRRL B-50349; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3778; Bacillusamyloliquefaciens TJ1000; Bacillus pumilus isolate AQ717, NRRL B-21662;Bacillus pumilus isolate NRRL B-30087; Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ713,NRRL B-21661; Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ743, NRRL B-21665; Bacillusthuringiensis isolate AQ52, NRRL B-21619; Candida oleophila 1-82,Muscodor albus isolate NRRL 30547, Muscodor roseus isolate NRRL 30548,Pythium oligandrum DV74, Talaromyces flavus V117b, Trichodermaasperellum SKT-1, Trichoderma atroviride LC52, Trichoderma harzianumT-22, Trichoderma harzianum TH-35, Trichoderma harzianum T-39,Trichoderma harzianum ICC012, Trichoderma virens GL-21, Trichodermavirens G1-3, Trichoderma virens G1-21, Trichoderma viride TV1,Trichoderma viride ICC080, Streptomyces galbus isolate NRRL 30232,Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108, Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9,and/or Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3.

45. The composition of paragraphs 45-46, wherein the at least onefungicide comprises a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 andTrichoderma viride ICC080, a mixture of Trichoderma virens G1-3 andBacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, a mixture of Trichoderma virens G1-3and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000, a mixture of Trichoderma virensG1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, and/or a mixture ofTrichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000.

46. The composition of any one of paragraphs 42 to 45, wherein the oneor more fungicides comprises at least one chemical fungicide selectedfrom the group consisting of strobilurins, carboxamides, carboxanilides,carboxylic morpholides, benzoic acid amides, azoles, triazoles,imidazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines, piperazines, pyrroles, morpholines,piperidines, dicarboximides, non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles,benzimidazoles, guanidines, antibiotics, nitrophenyl derivatives,organometal compounds, sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds,organophosphours compounds, organochlorine compounds, and salts andesters thereof, racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof, andcombinations thereof.

47. The composition of any one of paragraphs 42 to 45, wherein the oneor more fungicides comprises at least one chemical fungicide selectedfrom the group consisting of azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin,coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin,kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb,trifloxystrobin,2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methylester, and2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide,benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin,fenfuram, fenhexamid, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam,isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam),ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane,tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil,2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,N-(4′-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyra-zole-4-carboxamide,andN-(2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph, flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram,zoxamide carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytetracyclin,silthiofam, and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acidamide, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole,fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole,imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole,paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole,simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol,triticonazole, uniconazole; cyazofamid, imazalil, pefurazoate,prochloraz, triflumizol fluazinam, pyrifenox,3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, fenarimol, ferimzone, mepanipyrim,nitrapyrin, nuarimol, pyrimethanil, triforine, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil,aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph,fenpropidin, fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin,famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole,5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioicacid S-allyl ester, acibenzolar-S-methyl, ametoctradin, amisulbrom,anilazin, blasticidin-S, captafol, captan, chinomethionat, dazomet,debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate,fenoxanil, Folpet, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon,quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one,5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole,and5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine,carbendazim, guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine,guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate,iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), kasugamycin, kasugamycinhydrochloride-hydrate, streptomycin, polyoxine, validamycin A,binapacryl, dicloran, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrothal-isopropyl, tecnazen,fentin salts, fentin-acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide,dithianon, isoprothiolane, edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum,iprobenfos, phosphorus acid, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl,chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide,hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole, phthalide, quintozene,thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate, tolylfluanid,N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride,basic copper sulfate, sulfur, and salts and esters thereof, racemicmixtures and resolved isomers thereof, and combinations thereof.

48. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 47, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises azoxystrobin,pyraoxystrobin, penflufen, sedaxane, dimethomorph and/or ipconazole.

49. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 48, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises one or moreinsecticides, optionally one or more biological insecticides and/or oneor more chemical insecticides.

50. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 44, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises one or moreacaricides, optionally one or more biological acaricides and/or one ormore chemical acaricides.

51. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 45, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises and/or one or morenematicides, optionally one or more biological nematicides and/or one ormore chemical nematicides.

52. The composition of any one of paragraphs 49 to 51, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises at least oneinsecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal fungus.

53. The composition of paragraph 52, wherein the at least oneinsecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal fungus comprises one ormore insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal strains of Alternariacassia, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Arthrobotryssuperb, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, Aspergillus parasiticus, Beauveriabassiana, Dactylaria candida, Fusarium lateritum, Fusarium solani,Harposporium anguillulae, Hirsutella rhossiliensis, Hirsutellaminnesotensis, Lecanicillium lecanii, Monacrosporium cionopagum,Nematoctonus geogenius, Nematoctonus leiosporus, Meristacrumasterospermum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Myrothecium verrucaria,Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pasteuria penetrans,Pasteuria usage, Pochonia chlamydopora, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichodermaharzianum, Trichoderma vixens, Verticillium chlamydosporum, and/orVerticillium lecanii.

54. The composition of paragraph 52, wherein the at least oneinsecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal fungus comprises Beauveriabassiana isolate ATCC-74040, Beauveria bassiana isolate ATCC-74250,Metarhizium anisopliae isolate F52, and/or Paecilomyces fumosoroseusFE991.

55. The composition of any one of paragraphs 49 to 54, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises at least oneinsecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal bacterium.

56. The composition of paragraph 55, wherein the at least oneinsecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal bacterium comprises one ormore insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal strains of Bacillusfirmus, Bacillus mycoides, Burkholderia sp., Burkholderia sp. nov.rinojensis, Chromobacterium subtsugae, Chromobacterium subtsugae sp.nov., Chromobacterium vaccinii, Chromobacterium violaceum,Flavobacterium sp., Streptomyces lydicus, and/or Streptomycesviolaceusniger.

57. The composition of paragraph 55, wherein the at least oneinsecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal bacterium comprisesBacillus mycoides isolate AQ726, NRRL B-21664; Burkholderia sp. A396 sp.nov. rinojensis, NRRL B-50319; Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov.isolate NRRL B-30655; Chromobacterium vaccinii isolate NRRL B-50880;and/or Flavobacterium sp. isolate H492, NRRL B-50584.

58. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 57, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises at least onechemical insecticide, acaricide, and/or nematicide selected from thegroup consisting of carbamates, diamides, macrocyclic lactones,neonicotinoids, organophosphates, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethrins,spinosyns, synthetic pyrethroids, tetronic acids, tetramic acids, andsalts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof,and combinations thereof.

59. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 57, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises at least onechemical insecticide, acaricide, and/or nematicide selected from thegroup consisting of acrinathrin, alpha-cypermethrin, betacyfluthrin,cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, csfenvalcrate, etofenprox,fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinat, fosthiazate,lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, permethrin, tau-fluvalinate,transfluthrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin,eflusilanat, fubfenprox, pyrethrin, resmethrin, imidacloprid,acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, dinotefuran,clothianidin, imidaclothiz, chlorfluazuron), diflubenzuron, lufenuron,teflubenzuron, triflumuron, novaluron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron,bistrifluoron, noviflumuron, buprofezin, cyromazine, methoxyfenozide,tebufenozide, halofenozide, chromafenozide, endosulfan, fipronil,ethiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole,chlothianidin, cyazypyr, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, abamectin,ivermectin, milbemectin lepimectin, tebufenpyrad, fenpyroximate,pyridaben, fenazaquin, pyrimidifen, tolfenpyrad, dicofol, cyenopyrafen,cyflumetofen, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrin, bifenazate, diafenthiuron,etoxazole, clofentezine, spinosad, triarathen, tetradifon, propargite,hexythiazox, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, amitraz, pyrifluquinazon,pymetrozine, flonicamid, pyriproxyfen, diofenolan, chlorfenapyr,metaflumizone, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen,spirotetramat, pyridalyl, spinetoram, acephate, triazophos, profenofos,oxamyl, spinetoram, fenamiphos, fenamipclothiahos,4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,cadusaphos, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethoprophos, thiodicarb, aldicarb,aldoxycarb, metamidophos, methiocarb, sulfoxaflor, cyantraniliprole, andsalts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof,and combinations thereof.

60. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 59, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises lambda-cyhalothrin,gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, pyriprole,chlorantraniliprole, chlothianidin, cyazypyr, abamectin, and/orpyrimidifen

61. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 60, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises one or moreherbicides, optionally one or more biological herbicides and/or one ormore chemical herbicides.

62. The composition of paragraph 61, wherein the one or more herbicidescomprises at least one herbicide selected from the group consisting ofacetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, acetolactate synthase (ALS),acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors, photosystem II inhibitors,photosystem I inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO or Protox)inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors, glutamine synthetaseinhibitors, dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors,4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitors, syntheticauxins, auxin herbicide salts, auxin transport inhibitors, and nucleicacid inhibitors, salts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures and resolvedisomers thereof, and combinations thereof.

63. The composition of paragraph 61, wherein the one or more herbicidescomprises at least one herbicide selected from the group consisting of2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4,5-T), ametryn, amicarbazone, aminocyclopyrachlor, acetochlor,acifluorfen, alachlor, atrazine, azafenidin, bentazon, benzofenap,bifenox, bromacil, bromoxynil, butachlor, butafenacil, butroxydim,carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorimuron, chlorotoluron, clethodim, clodinafop,clomazone, cyanazine, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, desmedipham, desmetryn,dicamba, diclofop, dimefuron, diuron, dithiopyr, fenoxaprop, fluazifop,fluazifop-P, fluometuron, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl,flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafe, fomesafen,glyphosate, glufosinate, haloxyfop, hexazinone, imazamox, imazaquin,imazethapyr, ioxynil, isoproturon, isoxaflutole, lactofen, linuron,mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mesotrione, metamitron, metazochlor,methibenzuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metoxuron, metribuzin,monolinuron, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, phenmedipham,pretilachlor, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil,propaquizafop, propisochlor, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrazon, pyrazolynate,pyrazoxyfen, pyridate, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-ethyl,quizalofop-P-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl,diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl,haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron,simazine, simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, tebuthiuron,tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine,thaxtomin, thenylchlor, tralkoxydim, triclopyr, trietazine,tropramezone, and salts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures andresolved isomers thereof, and combinations thereof.

64. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-63, wherein the at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent comprises at least one agriculturallybeneficial microorganism.

65. The composition of paragraph 64, wherein the at least oneagriculturally beneficial microorganism comprises at least onediazotroph.

66. The composition of paragraph 65, wherein the at least one diazotrophcomprises one or more diazotrophs selected from the group consisting ofAzorhizobium caulinodans, Azorhizobium doebereinerae, Azospirillumamazonense, Azospirillum brasilense, Azospirillum canadense,Azospirillum doebereinerae, Azospirillum formosense, Azospirillumhalopraeferans, Azospirillum irakense, Azospirillum largimobile,Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum melinis, Azospirillum oryzae,Azospirillum picis, Azospirillum rugosum, Azospirillum thiophilum,Azospirillum zeae, Bradyrhizobium bete, Bradyrhizobium canadense,Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Bradyrhizobium iriomotense, Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum, Bradyrhizobium jicamae, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense,Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi, Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense, Mesorhizobiumalbiziae, Mesorhizobium amorphae, Mesorhizobium chacoense, Mesorhizobiumciceri, Mesorhizobium huakuii, Mesorhizobium loti, Mesorhizobiummediterraneum, Mesorhizobium pluifarium, Mesorhizobium septentrionale,Mesorhizobium temperatum, Mesorhizobium tianshanense, Rhizobiumcellulosilyticum, Rhizobium daejeonense, Rhizobium etli, Rhizobiumgalegae, Rhizobium gallicum, Rhizobium giardinii, Rhizobium hainanense,Rhizobium huautlense, Rhizobium indigoferae, Rhizobium leguminosarum,Rhizobium loessense, Rhizobium lupini, Rhizobium lusitanum, Rhizobiummeliloti, Rhizobium mongolense, Rhizobium miluonense, Rhizobium sullae,Rhizobium tropici, Rhizobium undicola, Rhizobium yanglingense,Sinorhizobium abri, Sinorhizobium adhaerens, Sinorhizobium americanum,Sinorhizobium aboris, Sinorhizobium fredii, Sinorhizobium indiaense,Sinorhizobium kostiense, Sinorhizobium kummerowiae, Sinorhizobiummedicae, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium mexicanus, Sinorhizobiummorelense, Sinorhizobium saheli, Sinorhizobium terangae, Sinorhizobiumxinjiangense, and combinations thereof.

67. The composition of paragraph 65, wherein the at least one diazotrophcomprises one or more diazotrophs selected from the group consisting ofAzospirillum brasilense isolate INTA Az-39, Bradyrhizobium elkaniiisolate SEMIA 587, Bradyrhizobium elkanii isolate SEMIA 5019,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate SEMIA 5079, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate SEMIA 5080, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50608,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50609, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50610, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50611,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50612, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50592, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50593,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50586, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50588, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50587,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50589, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50591, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50590,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50594, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50726, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50727,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50728, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate NRRL B-50729, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50730,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 532C, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate USDA 110, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 123,Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 127, Bradyrhizobium japonicumisolate USDA 129, Rhizobium leguminosarum isolate SO12A-2-(IDAC080305-01), and combinations thereof.

68. The composition of any one of paragraphs 64 to 67, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial microorganism comprises at least onephosphate-solubilizing microorganism.

69. The composition of paragraph 68, wherein the at least onephosphate-solubilizing microorganism comprises one or morephosphate-solubilizing microorganisms selected from the group consistingof Penicillium albidum, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Penicilliumbilaiae, Penicillium canescens, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicilliumcitreonigrum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicilliumexpansum, Penicillium fellutanum, Penicillium frequentas, Penicilliumfuscum, Penicillium fussiporus, Penicillium gaestrivorus, Penicilliumglabrum, Penicillium glaucum, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicilliumimplicatum, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium lanosocoeruleum,Penicillium lilacinum, Penicillium minioluteum, Penicillium montanense,Penicillium nigricans, Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium pinetorum,Penicillium pinophilum, Penicillium purpurogenum, Penicillium radicum,Penicillium raistrickii, Penicillium rugulosum, Penicilliumsimplicissimum, Penicillium solitum, Penicillium variabile, Penicilliumvelutinum, Penicillium viridicatum, Talaromyces aculeatus, andcombinations thereof.

70. The composition of paragraph 68, wherein the at least onephosphate-solubilizing microorganism comprises one or morephosphate-solubilizing microorganisms selected from the group consistingof Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 20851, Penicillium bilaiae isolateATCC 22348, Penicillium bilaiae isolate V08/021001, Penicillium bilaiaeisolate NRRL B-50776, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50777,Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50778, Penicillium bilaiae isolateNRRL B-50779, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50780, Penicilliumbilaiae isolate NRRL B-50781, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50782,Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50783, Penicillium bilaiae isolateNRRL B-50784, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50785, Penicilliumbilaiae isolate NRRL B-50786, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50787,Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50788, Penicillium bilaiae isolateNRRL B-50169, Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 18309, Penicilliumbrevicompactum isolate AgRF18, Penicillium canescens isolate ATCC 10419,Penicillium expansum isolate ATCC 24692, Penicillium expansum isolateYT02, Penicillium fellutanum isolate ATCC 48694, Penicilliumgaestrivorus isolate NRRL 50170, Penicillium glabrum isolate DAOM239074, Penicillium glabrum isolate CBS 229.28, Penicillium janthinellumisolate ATCC 10455, Penicillium lanosocoeruleum isolate ATCC 48919,Penicillium radicum isolate N93/47267, Penicillium radicum isolate FRR4717, Penicillium radicum isolate ATCC 201836, Penicillium radicumisolate FRR 4719, Penicillium raistrickii isolate ATCC 10490,Talaromyces aculeatus isolate ATCC 10409, and combinations thereof.

71. The composition of any one of paragraphs 64 to 70, wherein the atleast one agriculturally beneficial microorganism comprises at least onemycorrhiza.

72. The composition of paragraph 71, wherein the at least one mycorrhizacomprises one or more mycorrhizae selected from the group consisting ofGigaspora margarita, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus brasilianum, Glomusclarum, Glomus deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus fasciculatum,Glomus intraradices, Glomus monosporum, Glomus mosseae, Hymenoscyphousericae, Laccaria bicolor, Laccaria laccata, Oidiodendron sp., Paraglomusbrazilianum, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopogonamylopogon, Rhizopogon fulvigleba, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogonvillosuli, Scleroderma cepa, Scleroderma citrinum, and combinationsthereof.

73. The composition of paragraphs 1-72, wherein the composition furthercomprises one or more additional agriculturally beneficial agentsselected from the group consisting of chito-oligosaccharides (COs),chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate,linoleic acid, linolenic acid, karrikins, gluconolactones, glutathiones,and combinations thereof.

74. A method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plant partcomprising contacting a plant or plant part with at least onelipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) and at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting ofpesticides, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, and combinationsthereof.

75. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant part iscontacted with the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-73.

76. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant part iscontacted with the at least one LCO prior to contacting the plant orplant part with the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent.

77. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant part iscontacted with the at least one LCO after contacting the plant or plantpart with the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent.

78. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant part iscontacted with the at least one LCO and the at least one agriculturallybeneficial agent simultaneously.

79. A method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plant partcomprising treating a soil with at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharidecompound (LCO) and at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selectedfrom the group consisting of pesticides, agriculturally beneficialmicroorganisms, and combinations thereof; and planting a plant or plantpart in the soil.

80. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated with thecomposition of any one of paragraphs 1-73.

81. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated with the atleast one LCO prior to treating the soil with the at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent.

82. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated with the atleast one LCO after treating the soil with the at least oneagriculturally beneficial agent.

83. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated with the atleast one LCO and the at least one agriculturally beneficial agentsimultaneously.

84. The method of any one of paragraphs 79-83, wherein planting theplant or plant part in the soil occurs before the soil treatment.

85. The method of any one of paragraphs 79-83, wherein planting theplant or plant part in the soil occurs after the soil treatment.

86. The method of any one of paragraphs 79-83, wherein planting theplant or plant part in the soil occurs simultaneously with the soiltreatment.

87. A seed at least partially coated with the composition of any one ofparagraphs 1-73.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are not intended to be a detailed catalogue ofall the different ways in which the present invention may be implementedor of all the features that may be added to the present invention.Subjects skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations andadditions to the various embodiments may be made without departing fromthe present invention. Hence, the following descriptions are intended toillustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not toexhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variationsthereof.

Example 1 LCO and Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 SynergisticallyIncreased Soybean Shoot Diameter, Shoot Area, Shoot Volume and RootVolume

Soybean seeds (Asgrow 4831, A1024750, HU3U11) were weighed out into 200g allotments. Each allotment of seed was treated with one of thefollowing: a control of 2.4 ml of DI water (“UTC”); Actinovate® STP(Novozymes BioAg, Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) at 6 oz per cwt(“Actinovate”); LCO at 1.86 μg per cwt (“LCO”); Actinovate STP at 6 ozper cwt and LCO at 1.86 μg per cwt (“Actinovate+LCO”).

To confirm that the Streptomyces lydicus in Actinovate were successfullyapplied to the seeds, one gram treated seed was placed in 99 ml ofphosphate buffer and shaken in a wrist action shaker for 30 min. Serialdilutions were made by pipetting 100 μl into 900 μl phosphate bufferuntil desired dilutions were reached, vortexing for at least 1 min foreach dilution. Again vortexing sample, 100 uL of each target dilution (2and 3) was plated at the minimum of 3 replicates on LB+Dextrose plates.Plates were incubated at room temperature for 5 days. Colonies ofStreptomyces lydicus were observed on both Actinovate andActinovate+Torque plates, with colonies becoming visible approximatelyone day earlier on the Actinovate+LCO plates.

Treated seeds were planted in 72 well flats (1 flat per treatment)containing Fafard® Ultra-Fine Germination mix. The seeded flats were cutinto 3×3 squares and randomized. Each 9-well square was considered onerep for germination count.

Germinated plants were harvested (3 subsamples per rep) and scannedusing WinRhizo (Regent Instruments, Inc., Quebec, Canada). Plantsgerminated from seeds treated with Actinovate+LCO exhibited an increasein mean shoot area, mean shoot diameter, mean shoot volume, mean shootdry weight, mean root length, mean root area, and mean root volume, ascompared to plants treated with Actinovate or LCO alone. Plantsgerminated from seeds treated with Actinovate+LCO exhibited asynergistic increase in mean shoot diameter, mean shoot area, mean shootvolume, and mean root volume, as compared to plants germinated fromseeds treated with Actinovate or LCO alone.

Example 2 LCO and Trichoderma virens GI-3 Synergistically IncreasedSoybean Shoot Length, Shoot Projected Area, and Shoot Surface Area

Soybean seeds (AG4531) were weighed out into 200 g allotments. Eachallotment of seed was treated with one of the following: a control of2.4 ml DI water (“UTC”); Trichoderma virens strain GI-3 at 1×10⁵ colonyforming units per seed (“GI-3”); LCO at 1.86 μg per cwt (“LCO”); orTrichoderma virens strain GI-3 at 1×10⁵ colony forming units per seedand LCO at 1.86 μg per cwt (“GI-3+LCO”). Seeds were treated using aWintersteiger Hege 11 seed treater and allowed to dry for 10 minutesprior to planting.

Treated seeds were planted in 72 cell germination flats filled withProMix BX potting media. The seeded flats were grown in a greenhouse andwatered to field capacity during the growth period.

Germinated plants were harvested 10 days after planting and analyzedusing WinRhizo (Regent Instruments, Inc., Quebec, Canada). As shown inTables 1-3, plants germinated from seeds treated with GI-3 and LCOexhibited a synergistic increase in mean shoot length, meanprojectedshoot area, and mean shoot surface area, as compared to plantsgerminated from seeds treated with GI-3 or LCO alone.

TABLE 1 Mean shoot length of soybean plants harvested 10 days afterplanting. Length, cm/ Percent Increase Connecting Letters over ControlTreatments (p ≤ 0.05) (%) Untreated Control 12.07^(B) N/A GI-312.55^(AB)  3.98 GI-3 + LCO 14.63^(A) 21.21 LCO 13.44^(AB) 11.35

TABLE 2 Mean projected shoot area of soybean plants harvested 10 daysafter planting. Projected Area, Percent Increase cm²/Connecting Lettersover Control Treatments (p ≤ 0.05) (%) Untreated Control 7.75^(B) N/AGI-3 8.62^(AB) 11.23 GI-3 + LCO 10.93^(A) 41.03 SP104 8.89^(AB) 14.71

TABLE 3 Mean shoot surface area of soybean plants harvested 10 daysafter planting. Surface Area, Percent Increase cm²/Connecting Lettersover Control Treatments (p ≤ 0.05) (%) Untreated Control 24.36^(B) N/AGI-3 27.09^(AB) 11.21 GI-3 + LCO 34.32^(A) 40.89 LCO 27.95^(AB) 14.74

Example 3 LCO and Trichoderma virens GI-3 Synergistically Increased CornGermination, Shoot Length, Shoot Projected Area, Shoot Surface Area,Root Length, Root Projected Area, and Root Surface Area

Corn seeds (DKC 63-33) were weighed out into 200 g allotments. Eachallotment of seed was treated with one of the following: a control of2.1 mL DI water (“UTC”); Trichoderma virens strain GI-3 at 1×10⁵ colonyforming units per seed (“GI-3”); LCO at 1.86 μg per cwt (“LCO”); orTrichoderma virens strain GI-3 at 1×10⁵ colony forming units per seedand LCO at 1.86 μg per cwt (“GI-3+SP104”). Seeds were treated using aWintersteiger Hege 11 seed treater and allowed to dry for 10 minutesprior to planting.

Treated seeds were planted in 72 cell germination flats filled withProMix BX potting media. The seeded flats were grown in a greenhouse andwatered to field capacity during the growth period.

A germination count was conducted 6 days after planting, and germinatedplants were harvested 8 days after planting and analyzed using WinRhizo(Regent Instruments, Inc., Quebec, Canada) Surprisingly, plantsgerminated from seeds treated with GI-3 and LCO exhibited a synergisticincrease in germination, mean shoot length, meanprojected shoot area,mean shoot surface area, mean root length, mean root projected area, andmean root surface area, as compared to plants germinated from seedstreated with GI-3 or LCO alone.

Example 4 LCO and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Synergistically IncreasedCorn Biomass

Corn seeds (DKC 63-33) were weighed out into 100 g allotments. Eachallotment of seed was treated with one of the following: a control of500 μl DI water (“UTC”); 500 μl of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strainSB3778 fermentation broth (“SB3778”); 500 μl of 10⁻⁸ M LCO (“LCO”); or250 μl of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SB3778 fermentation brothand 250 μl of 10⁻⁸ M LCO (“SB3778+LCO”). Treated seeds were allowed todry for 3-4 hours prior to planting.

Treated seeds were planted in germination flats filled with Promixpotting media (5 rows per treatment; 6 seedlings per row). The seededflats were grown for two weeks in a growth chamber at 25° C. and 70%humidity with 16 hours of light per day, then harvested and analyzed.

As shown in Table 4, plants germinated from seeds treated with SB3778and LCO exhibited a synergistic increase in dry weight biomass, ascompared to plants germinated from seeds treated with SB3778 or LCOalone.

TABLE 4 Mean dry weight of com plants harvested two weeks afterplanting. Yield Parameter Control SB3281 + LCO LCO SB3281 Average plantDW (g) 0.219 0.234 0.224 0.224 % dry weight increase 6.85% 2.30% 2.30%

Example 5 LCO Increased Yield of Corn Seeds Treated with CruiserMaxx®

Corn seeds treated with CruiserMaxx® (thiamethoxam, mefenoxam,fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, N.C.)(“control”) or CruiserMaxx® and LCO (Torque® ST, Novozymes BioAg Inc.,Brookfield, Wis.) (“CruiserMaxx+LCO”).

Control and CruiserMaxx+LCO seeds were planted in various locationsduring two separate growing seasons: Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa;Geneva, Minn.; Sparta, Ill.; Tekamah, Nebr.; and Verona, Wis. during thefirst growing season and Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.; Madison, Wis.;Richland, Iowa; Sparta, Ill.; and York, Nebr. during the second growingseason.

The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx+LCO seedsexceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds by2.03 bushels per acre.

Example 6 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with Acceleron®

Soybean seeds treated with Acceleron® (pyraclostrobin, metalaxyl,imidacloprid; Monsanto Technology LLC, St. Louis, Mo.) (“control”) orAcceleron® and LCO (Torque® ST, Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.)(“Acceleron+LCO”).

Control and Acceleron+LCO seeds were planted in various locations duringthree separate growing seasons: Campbell, Minn.; Fishers, Ind.; Sparta,Ill.; Verona, Wis.; and York, Nebr. during the first growing season,Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Madison, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill. duringthe second growing season, and Arkansaw, Wis.; Belleville, Wis.;Brookings, S. Dak.; Carroll, Iowa; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.;Marissa, Ill.; and York, Nebr. during the third growing season.

The average yield of plants germinated from Acceleron+LCO seeds exceededthe average yield of plants germinated from control seeds treated by 1.6bushels per acre.

Example 7 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with CruiserMaxx®Plus

Soybean seeds treated with CruiserMaxx® Plus (thiamethoxam, mefenoxam,fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, N.C.)(“control”) or CruiserMaxx® Plus and LCO (Torque® ST, Novozymes BioAgInc., Brookfield, Wis.) (“CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO”).

Control and CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO seeds were planted in various locationsduring two separate growing seasons: Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; andSparta, Ill. during the first growing season and Arkansaw, Wis.;Brookings, Ill.; Carroll, Iowa; Clarence, Mo.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva,Minn.; Marissa, Ill.; and York, Nebr. during the second growing season.

The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO seedsexceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds by2.2 bushels per acre.

Example 8 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with CruiserMaxx®Plus

Soybean seeds treated with CruiserMaxx® Plus (thiamethoxam, mefenoxam,fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, N.C.)(“control”) or CruiserMaxx® Plus and LCO (ProStablish™, Novozymes BioAgInc., Brookfield, Wis.) (“CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO”).

Control and CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO seeds were planted in Campbell, M N andSparta, Ill.

The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO seedsexceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds by3.0 bushels per acre.

Example 9 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with CruiserMaxx®Beans

Soybean seeds treated with CruiserMaxx® Beans (thiamethoxam, mefenoxam,fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, N.C.)(“control”) or CruiserMaxx® Beans and LCO (ProStablish™, Novozymes BioAgInc., Brookfield, Wis.) (“CruiserMaxx Beans+LCO”).

Control and CruiserMaxx Beans+LCO seeds were planted in Campbell, Minn.;Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.; Sparta, Ill.; Tipp City, Ohio; Verona,Wis.; and York, Nebr.

The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx Beans+LCO seedsexceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds by2.7 bushels per acre.

Example 10 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with Trilex®

Soybean seeds treated with Trilex® 6000 (trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl,imidacloprid, Bacillus pumilus GB34; Bayer CropScience, ResearchTriangle Park, N.C.) (“control”) or Trilex® 6000 and LCO (Torque® ST,Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) (“Trilex+LCO”).

Control and Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in various locations duringthree separate growing seasons: Campbell, Minn.; Fishers, Ind.; Sparta,Ill.; Verona, Wis.; and York, Nebr. during the first growing season,Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Fitchburg, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill. duringthe second growing season, and Arkansaw, Wis.; Belleville, Wis.;Brookings, S. Dak.; Carroll, Iowa; Clarence, Mo.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva,Minn.; Marissa, Ill.; and York, Nebr. during the third growing season.

The average yield of plants germinated from Trilex+LCO seeds exceededthe average yield of plants germinated from control seeds treated by 2.2bushels per acre.

Example 11 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with Trilex®

Soybean seeds treated with Trilex® 6000 (trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl,imidacloprid, Bacillus pumilus GB34; Bayer CropScience, ResearchTriangle Park, N.C.) (“control”) or Trilex® 6000 and LCO (ProStablish™,Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) (“Trilex+LCO”).

Control and Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in various locations duringtwo separate growing seasons: Campbell, Minn.; Fishers, Ind.; Sparta,Ill.; Verona, Wis.; and York, Nebr. during the first growing season, andArkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Fitchburg, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill. duringthe second growing season.

The average yield of plants germinated from Trilex+LCO seeds exceededthe average yield of plants germinated from control seeds treated by 2.7bushels per acre.

Example 12 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated withPoncho®/Votivo® and Trilex®

Soybean seeds treated with Poncho®/Votivo® (clothianidin, Bacillusfirmus; Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) Trilex® 2000(Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) (“control”) orPoncho®/Votivo®, Trilex® 2000, and LCO (Torque® ST, Novozymes BioAgInc., Brookfield, Wis.) (“Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO”).

Control and Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in Arkansaw,Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Madison, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill.

The average yield of plants germinated from Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCOseeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seedstreated by 3.9 bushels per acre.

Example 13 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated withPoncho®/Votivo® and Trilex®

Soybean seeds treated with Poncho®/Votivo® (clothianidin, Bacillusfirmus; Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) Trilex® 2000(trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl; Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park,N.C.) (“control”) or Poncho®/Votivo®, Trilex® 2000, and LCO(ProStablish™, Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.)(“Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO”).

Control and Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in Arkansaw,Wis.; Campbell, Minn.; Carroll, Iowa; Oregon, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill.

The average yield of plants germinated from Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCOseeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seedstreated by 2.0 bushels per acre.

Example 14 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with Pioneer®Premium Seed Treatment

Soybean seeds treated with Pioneer® Premium Seed Treatment(trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, imidacloprid, Bradyrhizobium japonicum,LCO; DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa) (“control”) or Pioneer® PremiumSeed Treatment and LCO (Torque® ST, Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield,Wis.) (“PPST+LCO”).

Control and PPST+LCO seeds were planted in Fishers, Ind.; Oregon, Wis.;Sparta, Ill.; and York, Nebr.

The average yield of plants germinated from PPST+LCO seeds exceeded theaverage yield of plants germinated from control seeds treated by 2.1bushels per acre.

Example 15 LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated with Pioneer®Premium Seed Treatment

Soybean seeds treated with Pioneer® Premium Seed Treatment(trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, imidacloprid, Bradyrhizobium japonicum,LCO; DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa) (“control”) or Pioneer® PremiumSeed Treatment and LCO (ProStablish™, Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield,Wis.) (“PPST+LCO”).

Control and PPST+LCO seeds were planted in various locations during twoseparate growing seasons: Fishers, Ind.; Oregon, Wis.; Sparta, Ill.; andYork, Nebr. during the first growing season and Arkansaw, Wis.;Clarence, Minn.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Wis.; Madison, Wis.; Sparta,Ill.; Stoneville, Miss.; and York, Nebr. during the second growingseason.

The average yield of plants germinated from PPST+LCO seeds exceeded theaverage yield of plants germinated from control seeds treated by 1.3bushels per acre.

The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to beconstrued as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments have beendescribed above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate thatvarious modifications may be made to those embodiments withoutmaterially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of thepresent invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended tobe included within the scope of the present invention.

That which is claimed:
 1. A method comprising applying (a) Bacillusamyloliquefaciens TJ1000 and (b) the lipo-chitooligosacchariderepresented by structure (V):

or the lipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by structure (VII):

to a plant seed in amounts effective to synergistically enhance one ormore growth parameters of the plant that grows from said seed vis-à-visseparate application of (a) and (b).
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid one or more growth parameters comprises shoot length and/or shootsurface area.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said one or more growthparameters comprises root length and/or rot surface area.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein said plant seed is leguminous.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said plant seed is a soybean seed.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said plant seed is non-leguminous.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said plant seed is a corn seed.
 8. The method of claim1, wherein said Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 is applied to saidplant seed at a rate of at least 1×10⁴ colony forming units (CFU) perseed.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said lipo-chitooligosaccharideis applied to said plant seed at a rate of about 1.86 μg per cwt. 10.The method of claim 1, wherein the lipo-chitooligosaccharide representedby structure (V):

is applied to said plant seed.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein thelipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by structure (VII):

is applied to said plant seed.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein thelipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by structure (V):

is applied to said plant seed at a rate of about 1.86 mg per cwt. 13.The method of claim 1, wherein the lipo-chitooligosaccharide representedby structure (VII):

is applied to said plant seed at a rate of about 1.86 mg per cwt.
 14. Acomposition comprising (a) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 and (b) thelipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by the structure (V):

or the lipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by the structure (VII):

in amounts effective to synergistically enhance one or more growthparameters of a plant when said composition is applied to said plantand/or to the seed from which said plant is grown vis-à-vis separateapplication of (a) and (b).
 15. The composition of claim 14, whereinsaid one or more growth parameters comprises shoot length and/or shootsurface area.
 16. The composition of claim 14, wherein said one or moregrowth parameters comprises root length and/or rot surface area.
 17. Thecomposition of claim 14, wherein said composition comprises thelipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by structure (V):


18. The composition of claim 14, wherein said composition comprises thelipo-chitooligosaccharide represented by structure (VII):


19. The composition of claim 15, wherein said composition does notcomprise Trichoderma virens GI-3.